两种水源性诺如病毒富集方法的比较

评估阳离子膜吸附-洗脱法和阴离子膜吸附-洗脱法在富集水源性诺如病毒（NV）过程中的病毒回收效果、消耗时间及使用成本,可以获得更适用于水源性诺如病毒实际监测工作的较优富集方法.以无锡市疾病预防控制中心保存的诺如病毒阳性标准质粒为模板,采用荧光定量RT-PCR（反转录酶-聚合酶链反应）方法绘制病毒定量标准曲线,并应用于病毒的绝对定量.将含诺如病毒的粪便悬液先稀释成3个不同浓度,并加入灭菌水中,分别经过阴离子膜（硝酸纤维素滤膜）或阳离子膜（Nanoceram膜）吸附洗脱,最终相同体积洗脱液提取核酸后用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行绝对定量,并进一步计算最终病毒回收率.结果表明:①样本病毒浓度为8×101~8×1010 copies/μL时,病毒拷贝数的lg对数值与C_t（荧光定量PCR中达到设定阈值所经过的循环数）呈线性关系.②随着样本病毒浓度的增加,阴离子膜法和阳离子膜法的病毒回收率都相应增加.③当检测样本中病毒浓度分别为8×101、4×102 copies/μL时,阴离子膜法回收率分别为22.2%±4.1%和36.8%±6.2%,阳离子膜法回收率分别为17.4%±1.5%和28.8%±6.1%,说明阴离子膜吸附-洗脱法对病毒的富集回收率显著高于阳离子膜吸附-洗脱法（P < 0.05）.研究显示,综合富集效果、耗费时间和成本等因素,阴离子膜吸附-洗脱法比阳离子膜吸附-洗脱法更适用于日常水源性诺如病毒的富集工作.      

崇贤镇土壤重金属污染状况分析与治理对策

针对崇贤镇土壤频繁遭受工业企业污染的实际情况,对其辖区内土壤重金属含量开展检测,进行污染综合评价分析。结果表明:在崇贤镇土壤中,存在着不同程度的镉、汞、镍和锌等重金属含量超标,土样超标率分别为19.7%、14.2%、12.2%和2.9%;土壤污染综合指数≦0.7(清洁)的土样占54.0%,在0.7~1.0之间(尚清洁)的土样占35.8%,在1~2之间(轻度污染)的土样占10.2%。并提出了整顿供应污染企业、实行污染土壤修复、调整优化种植结构、加强农产品质量安全监管等对策措施。     

塔里木河流域生态安全问题分析

对新疆塔里木河流域1978年以来不同阶段出现的生态安全问题进行了深入分析,从水资源、植被和土地盐渍化、荒漠化等方面详细阐述了该区的生态安全状况,并提出今后该流域生态安全应关注的重点和研究的方向。     

连云港市主要工业污染物排放强度的区域差异分析

污染物排放强度反映了单位新创造经济价值的环境负荷大小。运用均方差赋权法对连云港市各县区的工业废水量、化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、烟尘、工业粉尘和工业固体废物等7种主要污染物排放强度的区域差异进行了评价;然后分别将各县区污染物排放强度的最小数值作为各地区污染物排放强度目标值,计算各县区的污染物排放强度降低潜力。结果表明,七种主要污染物排放强度综合评价的全市平均水平为1.30,市区污染物排放强度明显比县域的小;主要污染物排放强度减排潜力具有显著的区域间差异与区域内差异。最后从增加环境保护投资、改善能源使用结构、调整和优化产业结构和大力发展循环经济等方面提出了促进污染物排放强度降低的一些建议。     

Cd uptake in rice cultivars treated with organic acids and EDTA

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and protein, and Cd uptake in different rice cultivars exposed to Cd (0, 1 and 5 mg/kg) in the presence of organic acids and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The results showed the increase in activity of dismutase (SOD), contents of proline and protein but a decline in activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and MDA content for cultivars Xiushui63 and IIyou527. The...     

The effects of groundwater depth on water uptake of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the hyperarid region of Northwestern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Knowledge of the water sources used by desert trees and shrubs is critical for understanding how they function and respond to groundwater decline and...     

一株降解纤维素梭形芽胞杆菌的筛选与鉴定

从肥沃的土壤中经过分离获得14株降解纤维素的细菌,以菌株在纤维素刚果红平板中溶菌圈直径与菌落直径的比值为依据进行筛选,获得一株比值为4.5的菌株,编号为X62。采用DNS法对影响该菌产生纤维素酶活力的单因素进行了分析,并通过对其进行形态特征、生理生化特征测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定X62为梭形芽胞杆菌（Lysinibacillus fusiformis）,将其命名为Lysinibacillus fusiformis X62。X62的16S rRNA序列GenBank登录号为JX198550。     

Distribution pattern of plant species diversity in the mountainous Region of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

In this paper, detrended canonical correspondence analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between diversity indices and environmental gradients, generalized additive model was employed to modal the response curves of diversity indices to the elevation, based on data from field investigation in the mountainous region of the Ili River Valley and a survey of 94 sample plots. Two hundred fifty-nine plant species were recorded in the 94 sample plots investigated, up to 235 species all appeared in the herb layer, and the species of woody plants were very limited. The communities with a complicated vertical structure presented higher values of indices. The distribution pattern of plant species diversity on the northern slope was affected by such factors as elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, total nitrogen, total potassium, soil water content, organic matter, and that on the southern slope was mainly affected by such factors as slope gradient, elevation, available phosphorus, and soil water content. On the northern slope, Patrick index and Shannon?CWiener index of the plant communities presented a bimodality pattern along altitude; Simpson index and Pielou index showed a partially unimodal pattern. On the southern slope all the distribution pattern of species diversity indices showed two peaks, though Patrick index??s bimodality pattern was not an obvious one. These altitudinal patterns were formed by the synthetic action of a variety of environmental factors with elevation playing an important role.     

醚类物质降解过程中的加氧酶研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)和乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)在水中积累,不易降解,同时MTBE具有一定的潜在致癌性.有关微生物对MTBE和ETBE等醚类物质的降解途径和机制的研究目前受到国内外研究者的广泛关注,而加氧酶的研究是其关键领域.已发现的对醚类物质降解有重要作用的酶类主要有细胞色素P450单加氧酶和烷烃单加氧酶.其中细胞色素P450单加氧酶主要由eth基因或cam基因编码,而烷烃单加氧酶主要由alk基因编码.结合MTBE和ETBE的代谢途径,并就醚类物质降解和代谢过程中起关键作用的加氧酶的研究进展作了综述.     

微波/活性炭/双氧水协同降解甲基红废水的研究

对微波/活性炭/双氧水联合降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究。考察了活性炭量、双氧水量、甲基红初始浓度、微波功率、pH以及处理时间等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响。结果表明,对于100 mL 100 mg/L甲基红溶液,当加入0.5 g活性炭,1 mL 30%H₂O₂,调节微波功率至680 W,反应25 min后,甲基红降解率达到81.87%。通过对比试验,发现微波、活性炭及双氧水对甲基红的降解起协同作用。