油库油气回收效果测试方法

分析比较了油库油气回收系统效果检测方法的优缺点,以供油库单位在日常管理中,方便地检验油气回收系统的运行效果,及时发现存在的问题,确保油气回收系统的正常运行。     

Removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions by manganese oxide coated zeolite: discussion of adsorption isotherms and pH effect

This paper discusses the adsorption properties for uranium(VI) by manganese oxide coated zeolite (MOCZ). The removal of uranium(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto MOCZ in a single-component system with various contact times, pH, competitive ions, temperatures and initial concentrations of uranium(VI) was investigated. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and the three-parameter Redlich-Peterson model isotherms to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. Both the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were found to best represent the measured adsorption data. According to the evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of uranium(VI) ions onto MOCZ was 15.1 mg g(-1) at 293K and pH 4.0. Using the thermodynamic equilibrium constants obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such as DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0) and DeltaS(0), have been calculated. The thermodynamics of uranium(VI) ion/MOCZ system indicates the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. It was noted that an increase in temperature resulted in a higher uranium loading per unit weight of the adsorbent.     

甘蔗光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的克隆与表达分析

光合系统Ⅰ亚基O(PhotosystemⅠsubunit O,Psa O)是光合系统Ⅰ中的蛋白亚基,在两个光合系统之间平衡激发能方面起着重要的作用.为研究Psa O基因的结构和功能,对甘蔗(Saccharum offi cinarum L.)叶片全长c DNA文库进行测序,获得光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的全长c DNA序列,命名为Sc Psa O(Gen Bank Accession Number:KF714498).生物信息学分析表明,该基因全长708 bp,开放阅读框435 bp,编码144个氨基酸;该基因所编码的蛋白定位于叶绿体基质,无信号肽,为疏水性非分泌碱性蛋白,二级结构多为无规则卷曲,含有PJN00046家族的保守结构域,参与能量新陈代谢及脂肪酸新陈代谢.同时,该基因在不同物种间具有较强的保守性,其中与同属C4植物的同源性较C3植物高.荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,甘蔗Sc Psa O基因在叶片中的相对表达量最高,具有一定的组织特异性;在氯化钠(Na Cl)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、氯化铜(Cu Cl2)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)等外源胁迫下,其表达量均呈下调趋势,且以PEG胁迫下的下调表现最为明显.这些结果表明这几种外源胁迫可能抑制甘蔗Sc Psa O基因的转录水平表达,为其进一步功能验证以及在甘蔗基因工程中的应用积累了基础资料.     

电子束氨法烟气脱硫技术工艺研究

介绍了位于四川省绵阳市科学城热电厂的电子束氨法烟气脱硫脱硝工业试验装置和在该装置上进行的较全面的工艺研究 ,确定了影响SO2 脱除效率的主要参数 ,为北京京丰热电EA FGD工业示范工程设计提供了重要依据     

负载IB族金属海泡石吸附NO性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备了负载IB族元素的系列金属基海泡石,用气相色谱等手段对制得的金属基海泡石对NO的吸附性能进行研究,并且对灼烧温度、金属负载量、分散度和压力等影响因素进行了讨论。实验结果表明,经过酸改性、负载金属后的海泡石对NO的吸附能力比原矿有很大的提高;选择出Cu/海泡石的最佳灼烧温度为300℃,最佳Cu负载量为5％;并证明在实验条件下Cu/海泡石上的NO吸附符合经验吸附等温式。     

应曲面法优化H2O2催化氧化烟气脱硝工艺

研究了H₂O₂催化氧化烟气脱硝工艺中H₂O₂质量分数、催化剂浓度和溶液pH对脱硝率的影响,采用 Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化了H₂O₂脱硝的工艺条件,得到了相应的数学模型,并进行了方差分析。结果表明,溶液pH、催化剂浓度、H₂O₂质量分数以及催化剂浓度和H₂O₂质量分数的一级交互作用对脱硝率的影响很显著,模型的决定系数为0.995 3,说明模型拟合效果很好。经模型优化分析的最优工艺条件为H₂O₂质量分数0.2%,催化剂浓度0.94 mmol/L,溶液pH 11.0,在此条件下处理进口流量3.5 L/min、 NO体积分数 2×10^-4、O₂体积分数10%、N₂体积分数90%的烟气,液气比为8 L/m³,脱硝率达97%。     

Investigating factors influencing drivers' speed selection behavior under reduced visibility conditions

Objective: Driving speed is a major concern for driving safety under reduced visibility conditions. Many factors affect speed selection in low visibility, but few studies have been conducted examining drivers' characteristics, particularly in China. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between drivers' demographic information, driving ability, and speed choice in low-visibility conditions using a sample of Chinese drivers.

Methods: A self-designed driving ability scale was used to assess driving ability in reduced visibility conditions. The reliability and validity of 306 gathered questionnaires were examined in this article, and a structural equation model (SEM) was built to explore the predictors of drivers' speed selection behavior under reduced visibility conditions and to measure the relationships between various factors.

Results: Age and driving experience have no direct relationship to speed selection behavior in reduced visibility, but the frequency of using expressways and annual mileage are significantly related to the speed on roads that have a speed restriction of 80 or 120 km/h. Under reduced visibility conditions, driving ability has a significant effect on speed selection behavior, and driving skill (DS) is the most influential on speed selection behavior on roads with a speed limit of 120 km/h; otherwise, the effect of risk perception (RP) does not differ by speed choice on 3 roads with different speed limits. Driving speed in good weather also has a positive influence on speed selection behavior in low visibility.

Conclusion: Driving ability is directly associated with speed selection in reduced visibility conditions, and some demographic data indirectly influence speed selection. This study provides useful recommendations for drivers' training programs to reduce casualties from accidents in low-visibility conditions.     

深部采场进路开采顶板稳定性分析与支护设计

为降低深部矿体开采中冒顶事故的发生概率,确保井下安全开采,采用Q系统分级法、RMR岩体分类和BQ分级法对矿区岩体进行质量评价,结合块体理论和三维有限元分析进路开挖后顶板的稳定性。研究表明:部分岩体在进路开挖后顶板处出现较大拉应力集中,抗拉稳定性降低,极有可能出现冒顶事故。针对这类不稳定岩体,提出永久巷道采用锚喷支护,临时巷道采用锚杆穿带支护;并运用悬吊理论、组合梁理论、屈服强度理论和安全系数法分析支护条件下进路顶板的稳定性,优化支护结构参数。通过振弦式锚杆应力计收集现场未支护巷道与支护巷道轴向力,得出该支护设计对开挖后岩体变形起到了明显改善作用。     

Occurrence,distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in the Songhua River in China

The occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of antibiotics in freshwater systems are receiving global attention, because of their impact on the environment and human health. However, few studies have focused on this topic in Northeast China and its Songhua River, the third-largest river in China. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of 12 antibiotics, including three cephalosporins (cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime), three macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin), three fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, flumequine), and three sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole) in the mainstream and tributaries of the Songhua River. A total of 152 surface water samples were collected in January, May, July, and October 2016. These samples were analyzed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results indicated the wide use of all 12 antibiotics in the mainstream of the Songhua River. Sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin were the dominant antibiotics, with maximum concentrations of 73.1 and 65.4 ng L^?1, respectively. Other antibiotics were present at mean concentrations below 15 ng L^?1, except cefmetazole, present at a mean concentration of 35.6 ng L^?1. The spatial distribution of antibiotics showed that unbalanced regional development may lead to the distribution pattern of the antibiotics in the tributaries and the mainstream. Thus study also assessed the seasonal variation of antibiotics in urban surface water; cephalosporin, sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and macrolide concentrations were significantly higher during the icebound season than during non-icebound season. This may be due to the low temperature and water flow of the river in winter. Risk assessment showed that azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, flumequine, and sulfamethoxazole posed a low or median risk to the aquatic organisms in the mainstream. The potential risks created by antibiotics to the aquatic environment should not be neglected in the Songhua River. The potential risks created by antibiotics to the aquatic environment should not be neglected in the Songhua River.

     

Metal immobilization by sludge-derived biochar: roles of mineral oxides and carbonized organic compartment

Pyrolyzing sludge into biochar is a potentially promising recycling/disposal solution for municipal wastewater sludge, and the sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) presents an excellent sorbent for metal immobilization. As SDBC is composed of both mineral oxides and carbonized organic compartment, this study therefore compared the sorption behaviour of Pb and Zn on SDBC to those of individual and mixture of activated carbon (AC) and amorphous aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃). Batch experiments were conducted at 25 and 45 °C, and the metal-loaded sorbents were artificially aged in the atmosphere for 1–60 days followed by additional sorption experiments. The Pb sorption was generally higher than Zn sorption, and the co-presence of Pb reduced Zn sorption on each studied sorbent. Higher sorption capacities were observed at 45 °C than 25 °C for SDBC and AC, while the opposite was shown for Al₂O₃, indicating the significance of temperature-dependent diffusion processes in SDBC and AC. Nevertheless, metal sorption was more selective on Al₂O₃ that showed a greater affinity towards Pb over Zn under competition, correlating with the reducible fraction of sequential extraction. Furthermore, significant amounts of Pb and Zn were additionally sorbed on SDBC following 30-day ageing. The X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of metal-phosphate precipitates, while the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a larger quantity of metal–oxygen bonding after 30-day ageing of metal-loaded SDBC. The results may imply favourable long-term transformation and additional sorption capacity of SDBC. In conclusion, SDBC resembles the sorption characteristics of both organic and mineral sorbents in different aspects, presenting an appropriate material for metal immobilization during soil amendment.