地衣芽孢杆门菌（Bacillus licheniformis）对Cr^6＋的吸附动力学研究

从污染土壤中分离出地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis），利用其死菌体对Cr^6＋溶液进行吸附动力学研究．在Ci=300mg／L、pH=2．5和日=50℃条件下，吸附120min获得最大吸附量60．5mg／g．应用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线研究，结果表明，Langmuir吸附等温线更为适合．动力学研究显示，地衣芽孢杆菌对Cr^6＋的吸附动力学可以用拟二级速度方程进行描叙．图3表4参14     

轻质隔爆材料的实验研究

对数十种材料的隔爆性能进行了研究。用上下法分别求出不同材料的雷管径向殉爆以及轴向殉爆的半爆距离Ｌ５０。针对材料密度小，隔爆效果好的要求，定义了一个既考虑材料密度又考虑其隔爆性能的优化参数，并以此作为判据，对实验材料进行了优选     

ICP—AES光谱法同时测定固体废弃物中的多种元素

采用常规酸消化方法分解锑渣和铋渣固体废弃物试样．处理后的消解液直接用ＩＣＰ—ＡＥＳ法同时测定了Ｃｕ、Ｐｈ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、和Ｚｎ等多种重金属元素。方法的精密度和准确度较好，适合于常规固体环境样品的分析。     

国外恶臭污染管理办法对我国管理体系构建的启示

GB 14554-1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》是当前我国控制恶臭污染的主要手段,该标准的制定虽然在一定程度上减少了恶臭污染造成的不利影响,但随着投诉情况的逐年增加,已无法满足当前复杂严重污染形势的需要.为了全面系统地控制恶臭污染、提高恶臭污染管理工作能力、改善整体恶臭污染形势,需要掌握我国恶臭污染情况,并借鉴国外管理经验建立我国的恶臭污染管理体系.从法律法规、控制标准和评价方法3个方面,深入研究公害法、无组织源排放标准、有组织源排放标准和技术标准、安全防护距离、气味强度范围、气味指数、投诉标准和综合因素评价法等10种国外常用的恶臭污染管理方法,分析我国恶臭污染情况和恶臭污染管理现状,并结合国内外对比分析结果指出我国恶臭污染管理存在的问题.结果表明,我国恶臭污染管理存在起步晚、法规标准体系不完善、环境监管手段缺乏、恶臭污染防治系统缺失以及公共宣传、教育不到位等问题.建议将恶臭污染防治与管理纳入相关法律法规,完善法规体系;筛选、开发有效的检测技术,建立科学的标准化监测技术体系,提升监管能力;构建科学、合理的恶臭污染评价体系,形成企业积极采取措施开展控制技术升级改造的良性循环;加强与受控方、高校等科研单位和机构的交流合作,提高制订政策的有效性和执行性;加大公共宣传和教育力度,推动恶臭污染知识普及和建立民众监督机制.      

活性炭生物转盘法处理化工废水

使用固定剂将颗粒状活性炭固定在盘片上，制成了一种新型生物转盘盘片——活性炭生物转盘盘片。采用一级微型生物转盘法处理模拟化工废水，对比了活性炭、石英砂、聚丙烯3种生物转盘的处理效果。实验结果表明，活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除效果好于其他两种转盘。在进水COD为600mg／L、水力停留时间为6h、盘片转速为4r／min的条件下，活性炭生物转盘对COD的去除率可达71．3％。此外，活性炭生物转盘还有较强的耐有机负荷冲击能力。在废水处理过程中，活性炭仅在挂膜的前7天起吸附作用，挂膜成功后生物降解起主导作用。     

绵远河水质变化的初步研究

通过大量历年数据,对绵远河水环境质量的变化进行定量、定性分析,表明绵远河水环境质量日趋恶化,必须加快实施综合整治步伐。     

城市河流综合整治工程方案多属性决策方法研究

研究结合穿紫河综合整治工程实际,在分析了河流水环境问题成因的基础上,筛选综合调控因子,并对综合整治工程的治理方案进行了情景分析。根据情景分析确定的备选方案及其属性集,采用QUAL2E模型模拟治理效果,并建立了基于神经网络的多属性决策模型,对22个备选方案进行了优选排序。研究结果表明,根据多属性决策方法得出的备选方案优劣顺序可对实际工程决策提供有力支持。     

北京市加油站油气回收治理的减排贡献及发展趋势

分析对成品油VOC排放各排放源贡献比率,对北京市显著影响的机动车排放源和加油站排放源贡献比例进行了对比。对油气回收发展趋势进行了简要分析,建议逐步推广ORVR系统,并对加油站油气回收系统的管理提出了建议。     

Characterization of personal exposure concentration of fine particles for adults and children exposed to high ambient concentrations in Beijing, China

In China, the health risk from overexposure to particles is becoming an important public health concern. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM 2.5 with high ambient concentration in urban area, a personal exposure study was conducted for school children, and office workers in Beijing, China. For all participants (N = 114), the mean personal 24-hr exposure concentration was 102.5, 14.7, 0.093, 0.528, 0.934, 0.174 and 0.703 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , black carbon, Mn, Al, Ca, Pb, and Fe. Children's exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 were 4-5 times higher than those in related studies. The ambient concentration of PM 2.5 (128.5 μg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than the personal exposure concentration (P 0.05), and exceed the reference concentration (25 μg/m 3 ) of WHO air quality guideline. Good correlation relationships and significant differences were identified between ambient concentration and personal exposure concentration. The relationships indicate that the ambient concentration is the main factor influencing personal exposure concentration, but is not a good indicator of personal exposure concentration. Outdoor activities (commute mode, exposure to heating, workday or weekend travel) influenced personal exposure concentrations significantly, but the magnitude of the influence from indoor activities (exposure to cooking) was masked by the high ambient concentrations.     

Optimization of denitrifying phosphorus removal in a pre-denitrification anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration + nitrification sequence batch reactor (pre-A<Subscript>2</Subscript>NSBR) system: Nitrate recycling,carbon/nitrogen ratio and carbon source type

Because the efficiency of biological nutrient removal is always limited by the deficient carbon source for the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio in real domestic sewage, the denitrifying phosphorus removal (DNPR) was developed as a simple and efficient method to remove nitrogen and phosphorous. In addition, this method has the advantage of saving aeration energy while reducing the sludge production. In this context, a pre-denitrification anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration + nitrification sequence batch reactor (pre-A₂NSBR) system, which could also reduce high ammonia effluent concentration in the traditional two-sludge DNPR process, is proposed in this work. The pre-A₂NSBR process was mainly composed of a DNPR SBR and a nitrifying SBR, operating as alternating anaerobic/anoxic/post-aeration + nitrification sequence. Herein, the long-term performance of different nitrate recycling ratios (0–300%) and C/N ratios (2.5–8.8), carbon source type, and functional microbial community were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN, including NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^– -N, and NO₃^– -N) gradually increased with the nitrate recycling ratios, and the system reached the highest DNPR efficiency of 94.45% at the nitrate recycling ratio of 300%. The optimum C/N ratio was around 3.9–7.3 with a nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of 80.15% and 93.57%, respectively. The acetate was proved to be a high-quality carbon source for DNPR process. The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that nitrifiers and phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) were accumulated with a proportion of 19.41% and 26.48%, respectively.

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