法兰连接完整性管理及定力矩密封技术研究与应用

为提高法兰紧固密封性能和规范密封泄漏管理,采用有限元仿真模拟手段,详细分析了法兰连接过程中导致泄漏的关键因素,揭示了垫片形式对螺栓预紧力及接触密封应力的影响规律,构建了法兰连接密封信息化平台,实现了法兰密封完整性的有效管理,为某高含气田的安全长周期运行提供支持。     

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years(1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin,China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output,surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields.Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010,partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk,decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

加油站埋地油罐人孔井油气爆炸事故模拟实验

根据加油站实际工况,模拟埋地油罐人孔井内发生汽油泄漏时,挥发的油气在人孔井内积聚并遇到点火源发生爆炸的事故.埋地油罐内布置压力传感器,实验人孔井内布置压力传感器,人孔井周围布置热流传感器,以获得事故对埋地油罐、人孔井口人员及设备的影响数据.实验结果表明:爆炸在人孔井内产生的压力冲击波和热辐射冲击,会对人孔井口的人员造成严重伤害,但对埋地油罐罐内不会造成影响.油气闪爆后,人孔井盖可能处于关闭或打开两种状态,使得人孔井内火焰熄灭或形成稳定燃烧,燃烧限制于人孔井,对埋地油罐和周围设施影响较小.     

江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响研究

利用长江中下游地区监测站点1950~2009年逐日水文监测数据及1995~2010年水质分析资料,结合Spearman相关分析和综合污染指数评价法,分析了长江中下游江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响,并面向洞庭湖水环境安全提出一系列调控措施,旨在为洞庭湖地区水质改善提供理论基础与技术支持。     

电磁水循环加热方式在稠油开采中的应用

分析了稠油开采过程中螺杆泵传统电缆加热方式的不足,提出新型电磁水循环加热方式,实现了现场安全、节能和环保的提升,且能提高原油日产量。     

Development of Future Generations： Oriented Virtual Negotiation Support System for Intergenerational Conflict

Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system （NSS） for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.     

默克公司COD测试剂的替代品开发

德国默克（MERCK）公司制造的COD测定仪在我国环保行业、科研院所的水质监测工作中应用广泛，但配套测试剂价格昂贵，限制了该仪器的使用。设计了高量程（100～1500mg／L）和低量程（25～100mg／L）下COD测试剂替代品的开发方案。通过实验，确定了两个量程下COD测试剂替代品中K2Cr2O2，H2SO4-Ag2SO4，HgSO4的浓度和加入量以及测试方法。实验结果表明，在高量程和低量程范围内，使用COD测试剂替代品的测试结果与MERCK公司配套测试剂的测试结果比较相符，反应时间也可缩短至0．5h。     

含油污水乳化液微波分离实验研究

针对油气田乳化含油污水难分离的特点,利用微波技术进行的实验室研究结果表明,微波辐照温度与其后的静置时间都是影响其破乳率的重要因素,其分离效果随微波辐照后温度的增高而加强,而且在相同温度下乳液破乳率随静置时间加长而迅速增高。研究结果证实,微波辐射技术具有时间短、能耗少、效率高等特点,且经过微波处理后的含油污水易于进行油品回收再利用,有良好的应用前景。     

河流及渔塘底质耗氧变化研究

底质耗氧是影响水体溶解氧含量的重要因素。通过对河流及渔塘的底质耗氧进行测定分析，相应得出了影响底质耗氧量变化的主要因素。