美日德中汽车再制造业的比较和借鉴

为保持我国经济的持续快速发展,建设两型社会,促进循环经济发展,我国正大力发展汽车再制造业.汽车再制造业的发展最先是从国外开始的,美日德3个汽车生产大国和消费大国在汽车再制造方面的发展经验对我国的汽车再制造业发展有很强的借鉴作用.通过从法律法规、回收渠道、运作3个方面进行了国内外比较,以期寻求适合我国汽车再制造业的发展模式,促进我国汽车再制造业蓬勃发展.     

Elasticity Ratio of Resource Consumption and the Resource Consumption

Today the resources are becoming scarcer, which should not be regarded as unexhausted any more. Correspondingly, the production would be constrained by the scarcity of resources clearly. Then the economic researchers would pay much more attention to reducing the consumption of natural resources in the future. Therefore this paper brings foreword the conception of elasticity ratio of resource consumption based on the concept of elasticity and analyzes the relationship between the parameters. For the certain relationships between the elasticity ratio of resource consumption and resource consumption, this paper will try to reveal, to keep economy growing while resource consumption reducing, what conditions should be met as to the relationships among resource productivity, its growth rate, energy saving efficiency, economic growth rate and elasticity ratio of resource consumption. This paper proves the relationship between the China＇s energy consumption and economy growth using statistic data from 1978 to 2003.     

Copper extraction effectiveness and soil dissolution issues of EDTA-flushing of artificially contaminated soils

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as a reference chelating agent in column experiments to investigate the effectiveness of chelant-enhanced flushing of soils artificially contaminated under various conditions (low/high Cu loading, and aging). The associated soil dissolution issues were of particular concern. Dissolution of indigenous Fe/Al oxides, Ca carbonates and organic matter was monitored over the course of flushing. Regardless of contamination condition, above 85% extraction efficiency could be accomplished by 10(-2) and 10(-3)M EDTA-flushing, but not 10(-4)M. The Cu extraction kinetics positively correlated to EDTA concentration but inversely to Cu loading in soils. In addition to extraction from weakly sorbed fractions, a large portion of Cu was extracted from oxide, organic matter and residual fractions, which appears to derive from soil dissolution. Cumulative dissolved amounts of Fe, Al, and Ca were found to reach as high as hundreds of mgkg(-1), which were comparable to Cu contamination. Soil organic matter, which is known to strongly interact with Fe and Al oxides, was also mobilized. The rate and extent of these soil dissolutions were also positively correlated to EDTA concentration. Therefore, the co-extraction of soil minerals and organic matter during chelant-enhanced flushing, which would alter both physical structure and chemical properties of the soils, is detrimental to future land use and deserves greater attention. The concentration of chelating agent is the most crucial factor for an effective soil flushing with minimal damage.     

影响三沟式氧化沟除磷效果的因素和改进措施

结合生物除磷机理,对邯郸东污水处理厂三沟式氧化沟进行了现场测试。测试结果表明:当边沟处于反硝化状态时,溶解氧平均为0.66mgL,硝酸盐氮含量平均为1.16mgL,因此沟内不能形成严格的厌氧环境,不利于聚磷菌释磷;目前采用的中间沟排泥方式应改为边沟排泥,这样既有利于除磷,又有利于后续的污泥处理;沉淀时间过长会使原本被聚磷菌吸收的磷再次释放出来;含磷量很高的污泥浓缩池上清液回流影响除磷效果。通过分析测试结果,提出了变更排泥地点和工况组合等相应的改进措施。     

油气回收吸附材料性能研究

利用自主搭建的测试系统对活性炭进行了性能测试,重点研究了在一定吸附条件下,活性炭吸附量、床层吸附热以及出口浓度的变化规律;解吸过程中真空度和吹扫工艺对脱附效果的影响。试验结果表明:活性炭存在穿透曲线,当达到饱和状态时,吸附能力迅速下降;第一次吸附过程中活性炭床层温升非常大,床层温度随传质区的移动而变化,并且趋势基本上一致;多次吸附后活性炭的吸附能力大幅度降低并保持相对稳定的吸附量;活性炭在不同真空度下的脱附效果明显,真空度越低,脱附量越大。脱附末端添加的空气吹扫工艺有利于活性炭的脱附。     

水力冲孔技术在大倾角薄煤层中的应用

针对矿井现有防突措施的不足,介绍了水力冲孔技术的设备、工艺流程及现场试验情况.研究表明,在大倾角薄煤层应用水力冲孔技术,可有效地消除激发突出的应力,大幅度地释放煤体中的瓦斯,能明显提高瓦斯的抽采效果,很好地起到了综合防突的作用,且石门揭煤周期缩短为2个月.     

上海市环境污染事故风险受体脆弱性评价研究

从环境风险受体敏感性和适应力两方面构建了脆弱性概念模型,在此基础上,考虑社会经济脆弱性和生态系统脆弱性,选取14个指标构建了上海市环境污染事故风险受体综合脆弱性评价指标体系.研究结果表明：上海市中心城区社会脆弱性较高,而崇明岛、南汇、奉贤的社会经济脆弱性最低;黄浦江上游水源保护区、崇明岛东滩湿地生态系统脆弱性较高,浦东...     

鄱阳湖生态经济区农村生活垃圾的处理主体及功能研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区农村生活垃圾处理现状不容乐观。本文通过对鄱阳湖生态经济区农村垃圾处置现状的调查分析,从农村生活垃圾处理的四个主体：政府、村民、企业、学校等出发,探索四类主体功能实现的途径及方式,即突出政府职能,强化村民主人意识,鼓励企业加入,夯实学校基础,长期坚持,持续推进,以解决垃圾的日益增长与垃圾处理的矛盾,实现政府、群众、企业与环境的共赢,经济、社会、环境效益的统一,共同造就鄱阳湖生态经济区的美好生活。     

油库上装密闭发油鹤管的研发

根据油库油气回收系统的工艺要求,分析了现有油库上装发油系统实现油气密闭收集的技术难点及需要解决的问题。借鉴下装式发油的技术特点,研发了上装密闭发油系统,提出了鹤管系统及油罐车改造方案。在对现有油库上装发油鹤管不进行大规模改造的前提下,实现了上装密闭发油,经现场应用,效果良好。     

珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物重金属污染及其生态风险评价

采用污染指数法和生态风险指数法对珠江口狮子洋海域表层沉积物中Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、As等污染要素进行分析和评价。结果表明:该海域的总体污染程度为低污染水平,污染程度由大到小依次为As>Cu>Pb>Hg>Cd;该海域的总体生态风险性为低,生态风险性由高到低依次为Hg>As>Cd>Cu>Pb,Hg为该海域的主要潜在生态风险因子。