Experimental investigation into the oxidation reactivity, morphology and graphitization of soot particles from diesel/n-octanol mixtures

Aiming to investigate the impacts of n-octanol addition on the oxidation reactivity, morphology and graphitization of diesel exhaust particles, soot samples were collected from a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fueled with D100（neat diesel fuel）, DO15（85% diesel and 15% n-octanol, V/V） and DO30（70% diesel and 30% n-octanol, V/V）. All tests were conducted at two engine speeds of 1370 and 2150 r/min under a fixed torque of 125 N ·m. The soot properties were characterized by thermogravimet...     

流化床污泥干燥器床料的颗粒度对流化情况的影响

以上海白龙港污水处理厂流化床污泥干燥系统为研究对象,针对流化床污泥干燥器流化情况的好坏分析,在确定其它变量（流化风量、给料分配器转速、料层压差、运行负荷等）不变的情况下,对床料颗粒度的工艺参数进行研究实验,总结颗粒度的工艺参数对流化情况的运行变化规律,从而提高了流化床污泥干燥系统的稳定性、连续性和高效性。     

由德国实验室的安全设施引发的思考

德国对实验室的安全问题相当重视,实验室内安全设施齐全,气罐使用管理严格,工作人员安全意识高,废弃物处置规范。与之相比,江苏省监测系统的实验室在安全重视程度上还存在差距,在安全设施的配备、管理及宣传等方面均有待改进。建议加强实验室安全设施建设,以德国先进经验为抓手,重点从提高安全意识、改造通风系统、规范有毒有害废弃物的处置等方面着手,切实改进实验室的安全问题,为建设现代化的实验室奠定基础。     

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents one of the most mobile and reactive organic compounds in ecosystem and plays an important role in the fate and transport of soil organic pollutants, nutrient cycling and more importantly global climate change. Electrochemical methods were first employed to evaluate DOM redox properties, and spectroscopic approaches were utilized to obtain information concerning its composition and structure. DOM was extracted from a forest soil profile with five horizons. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that there were more redox-active moieties in the DOM from upper horizons than in that from lower horizons. Cyclic voltammetry further showed that these moieties were reversible in electron transfer. Chronoamperometry was employed to quantify the electron transfer capacity of DOM, including electron acceptor capacity and electron donor capacity, both of which decreased sharply with increasing depth. FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra results suggested that DOM from the upper horizons was enriched with aromatic and humic structures while that from the lower horizons was rich in aliphatic carbon, which supported the findings obtained by electrochemical approaches. Electrochemical approaches combined with spectroscopic methods were applied to evaluate the characteristics of DOM extracted along a forest soil profile. The electrochemical properties of DOM, which can be rapidly and simply obtained, provide insight into the migration and transformation of DOM along a soil profile and will aid in better understanding of the biogeochemical role of DOM in natural environments.     

Photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran in TiO2 aqueous solution：Kinetics using design of experiments and mechanism by HPLC/MS/MS

The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of carbofuran was optimized by central composite design based on response surface methodology for the first time. Three variables, TiO2 concentration, initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran, were selected to determine the dependence of degradation efficiencies on independent variables. Response surface methodology modeling results indicated that the degradation efficiency of carbofuran was highly affected by the initial pH value and the concentration of carbofuran. Then nine degradation intermediates were detected by HPLC/MS/MS. The Frontier Electron Densities of carbofuran were calculated to predict the active sites on carbofuran attacked by hydroxyl radicals and photoholes. Point charges were used to elucidate the chemisorption pattern on TiO2 catalysts during the photocatalytic process. By combining the experimental results and calculation data, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of carbofuran were proposed, including the addition of hydroxyl radicals and the cleavage of the carbamate side chain.     

HACHDR／2500分光光度法测定水样中总磷的可行性研究

文章运用HACHDR／2500分光光度计,对HACH法测定水样中总磷的检出限、精密度、回收率等一系列实验室质量要求进行了测定。并在此基础上,对多个断面的地表水和不同行业工业废水水体的实际样品进行了HACH法与国家标准钼酸铵分光光度法比对实验,从而证明HACHDR／2500分光光度法与国家标准方法无显著性差异。     

落实科学发展观 加速绿色景区创建

旅游业是社会经济的重要组成部分,但其发展过程中出现了严重的资源破坏、环境污染问题,甚至影响到它进一步发展。绿色景区创建是改变旅游业粗放经营现状、解决旅游环境问题、构建和谐社会的需要。本文阐述了绿色景区的基本内涵与创建意义,指出绿色景区创建的基本任务、方法程序和核心内容以及绿色景区创建的支撑条件与技术保障措施,为绿色景区创建提供基本思路,对旅游业持续发展具有积极意义。     

绿色交通与环境的可持续发展

汽车尾气是环境污染的重要来源之一。随着社会和人们对环境保护意识的增强,对道路交通汽车尾气的影响及防治越来越受到人们的重视。解决汽车污染问题．必须考虑中国国情,从环境保护、能源结构、城市建设（特别是道路建设）和汽车产业发展等方面入手,统筹使用清洁燃料、清洁的车辆技术,以及可持续的城市道路系统建设、环境管理措施,才能实现城市经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益三者的统一。     

Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen level of Leymus chinensis seedling to changes of soil moisture and temperature

Controlled experiment of Leymus chinensis seedlings grown in the environmental growth chambers at 3 soil moisture levels and 3 temperature levels was conducted in order to improve the understanding how leaf photosynthetic parameters will respond to climatic change. The results indicated that soil drought and high temperature decreased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem ( Fw/Fm ), the overall photochemical quantum yield of PSIl(yield), the coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching(qp), but increased the coefficient of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching( q, ). Severe soil drought would decrease Fv/Fm and yield by 3.12% and 37.04% under 26% condition, respectively, and 6.60% and 73.33% under 32% condition, respectively,suggesting that higher temperature may enhance the negative effects of soil drought. All the soil drought treatments resulted in the decline in leaf nitrogen content. There was no significant effect of temperature on leaf nitrogen level,but higher temperature significantly reduced the root nitrogen content and the ratio of root nitrogen to leaf nitrogen,indicating the different strategies of adaptation to soil drought and temperature. It was also implied that higher temperature would enhance the effect of soil drought on leaf photosynthetic capacity, decrease the adaptability of Leymus chinensis to drought.     

活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数的测定研究

利用活性污泥数学模型预测污水生物处理系统,首先必须确定其参数和水质组分。采用间歇活性污泥法和呼吸计量法对活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数γ_H进行测定研究。结果表明,间歇活性污泥法测定结果重现性较差,试验控制条件比较严格;呼吸计量法测定结果准确性较高,重现性良好,因而,呼吸计量法是比较可行的γ_H测定方法。