Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China

Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region.The INTEX-B2006 (I06),one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia,has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China.Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2,NO 2,O 3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi,Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly,seasonal and diurnal variance trends.Compared to the other three species,the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values,related to the uncertainty in CO emissions.Compared to the other two stations,Shangdianzi had poorer simulations,especially for SO2 and CO,which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area;and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations.Generally,the fact that summer gave poor simulation,especially for SO2 and O 3,might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.     

经济发展、能源消费与资源环境协调性分析规划环评案例研究

新疆作为国家重要的能源资源战略基地,面临水资源短缺,绿洲生态系统脆弱等多种资源环境制约因素。文章改进经济-能源-资源环境复合系统协调性分析模型,以《新疆维吾尔自治区“十二五”能源发展规划环评》为案例对象,研究新疆2001年-2009年经济发展、能源消费和资源环境的协调性历史演变过程,结合实际数据探讨其发展过程中呈现的特征,预测“十二五”末复合系统的协调度发展趋势,为新疆今后实现协调可持续发展给出对策建议。     

天津市再生水利用现状的调查与研究

天津是一个资源性缺水城市,文章通过对天津市供排水需求与现状进行分析.论述了再生水在农田水利、工业、景观河道、民用等各方面的使用现状和发展前景,阐明了再生水在天津水资源利用领域的重要性.从技术角度分析了再生水处理的几种途径以及天津再生水利用规划、现状与存在的问题,提出天津市再生水利用的总体设想与建议.     

绿色产品及技术研究

绿色产品及技术的开发应用是实现人类的可持续发展战略关键技术。本文从产品寿命循环周期出发 ,论述了绿色产品的评价指标 ,绿色制造的体系结构以及绿色集成制造系统。     

硅藻土的复合改性及其对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附特性

鉴于单一常规方法对硅藻土吸附性能的改善空间有限,为了显著改善硅藻土的吸附性能,应用酸活化-钠化-柱撑-焙烧复合改性工艺对硅藻土实施了改性,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)对硅藻土改性前后微观形貌、物相组成和官能团的变化进行了分析,探究了硅藻土改性前后对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力与机制.结果表明,最佳复合改性工艺条件为:硫酸体积分数10%,NaCl质量分数6%,OH/Al摩尔比2.2,焙烧温度150℃;改性后,硅藻土对Cd~(2+)的吸附容量由原来的5.44 mg·g~(-1)提升至9.60 mg·g~(-1),提升了76.5%;改性前后硅藻土对Cd~(2+)的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和二级动力学模型,吸附以物理过程为主.SEM、XRD和IR分析结果均表明,经复合改性,硅藻土壳体杂质得到清除,聚合羟基铝离子(Al13)成功引入硅藻土孔道并发挥柱撑作用,硅藻土壳体孔隙结构得到了充分改善.     

落实排污单位主体责任,全面推进排污许可制度改革——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

《水污染防治行动计划》提出要全面推行排污许可制度。文章指出法律约束力不强、制度定位不明确、许可量核定方法不统一是现行排污许可制度未发挥效用的主要原因,进而对许可条件、许可内容、许可量核定等关键问题进行了分析。根据前述分析,文章提出推进排污许可制度改革的建议,应当构建基于排污许可的点源污染管理体系,以排放量核算为重点,结合总量控制制度、排污权交易制度,强调落实排污单位主体责任,严格执法与处罚。     

Overview on LFG projects in China

Since the first landfill gas (LFG) power plant in China was built in 1998, by now more than 10 years have passed. In this period the LFG utilization process has progressed greatly in China. An overall review of the process is presented in this paper, which includes the background of policies, the information about the approval procedure of LFG projects, and the theoretical methods used to estimate the amount of LFG’s generation. Detailed analysis on the project practice, such as LFG collection techniques, LFG utilization condition in China, is made. According to statistic data, before the end of 2008, 26 LFG power projects have been built and put into operation with total power capacity around 56.8 MW, and 2.234 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent abatement has been achieved annually by all of these LFG projects. The future of LFG industry in China is expected that there is still considerable developing space for LFG utilization in the near coming years, however after 2012, the progress speed may slow down because of some adverse aspects, such as available landfill resource becomes scarce, new laws implemented in China might exclude Chinese landfills from future CDM activities, etc.     

络合铁法脱除垃圾填埋气中的H_2S

建立了以EDTA和柠檬酸为铁盐络合剂的循环脱硫体系,采用络合铁法对垃圾填埋气中的H2S进行脱硫中试实验,结果表明实验所建立的络合铁脱硫体系运行稳定,脱硫效率高,适合应用于垃圾填埋气中硫化氢脱除.     

“十三五”总氮、总磷总量控制政策建议

近几年,总量减排作为环境保护的重要抓手,以COD和氨氮等主要水污染物为控制指标,不断推进,取得了显著的成效。截至2013年,中国COD和氨氮较2010年分别下降了7.81%和7.11%,水环境质量明显改善。随着总量减排工作的持续推进,COD和氨氮的排放总量基本得到有效控制,相应的环境污染问题也得到明显缓解,但总氮、总磷等新的环境污染问题开始凸显。重点分析了中国总氮、总磷总量控制的必要性和可行性,并提出相应的总量控制政策的建议。     

Concentrations and Source Characteristics of Airborne Carbonyl Compounds Measured Outside Urban Residences

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of ambient air concentrations of 10 carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) measured in the yards of 87 residences in the city of Elizabeth, NJ, throughout 1999–2001. Most of these residences were measured twice in different seasons; the sampling duration was 48 hr each time. The authors observed higher concentrations for most of the measured carbonyl compounds on warmer days, reflecting larger contributions of photochemical reactions on warmer days. The estimated contributions of photochemical production varied substantially across the measured carbonyl compounds and could be as high as 60%. Photochemical activity, however, resulted in a net loss for formaldehyde. The authors used stepwise multiple linear regression models to evaluate the impact of traffic sources and meteorological conditions on carbonyl concentrations using the data collected on colder days (with lower photochemical activities). They found that the concentrations of formal-dehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal significantly decreased with increasing distance between a measured residence and one or more major roadways. They also found significant negative associations between concentrations for most of the measured carbonyl compounds and each of the following meteorological parameters: mixing height, wind speed, and precipitation.