纳米TiO_2/EP光催化降解罗丹明B废水的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩（EP）负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B（RB）的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。     

Potential acute effects of suspended aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles on soluble microbial products (SMP) of activated sludge

The study aims to identify the potential acute effects of suspended aluminum nitride (AlN)nanoparticles (NPs) on soluble microbial products (SMP) of activated sludge. Cultured activated sludge loaded with 1, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L of AlN NPs were carried out in this study. As results showed, AlN NPs had a highly inverse proportionality to bacterial dehydrogenase and OUR, indicating its direct toxicity to the activated sludge viability. The toxicity of AlN NPs was mainly due to the nano-scale of AlN NPs. In SMP, AlN NPs led to the decrease of polysaccharide and humic compounds, but had slight effects on protein. The decrease of tryptophan-like substances in SMP indicated the inhibition of AlN NPs on the bacterial metabolism. Additionally, AlN NPs reduced obviously the molecular weight of SMP, which might be due to the nano-scale of AlN.     

人工湿地数学模型模拟与应用

人工湿地生态系统具有投资低、出水水质好、抗冲击力强、增加绿地面积和操作简单等优点,在国外得到了较好应用.综述了人工湿地净化技术及湿地模型的研究进展,重点介绍了国外已经成功验证与应用的3种人工湿地模型的开发情况.同时应用某人工湿地的实测数据,通过对模型的验证和率定,表明模型在评估湿地功能和优化设计上的实用性.最后,对人工湿地模拟模型的应用前景及存在问题进行了评述.     

综合管廊兼顾疏散能力分析及辐射范围研究*

为研究综合管廊在安全疏散中的作用，应用Pathfinder疏散仿真软件对综合管廊疏散能力模拟分析，得出不同断面管廊通道、各疏散口部、楼梯处通过能力，分析管廊人员在单车、步行疏散速度下覆盖范围与事故波及范围，通过两者交集得到综合管廊疏散辐射范围。结果表明:综合管廊具备一定兼顾疏散能力，得出的通过能力可指导综合管廊人流量监控器布局，提供各部位人流量上限取值，预防拥堵和踩踏事故发生，为化工园区制定疏散方案提供新思路。     

Effects of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride addition combined with vermicomposting on maturity and bacterial diversity in the final vermicompost from the biochemical residue of kitchen waste

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of kitchen waste is produced all over the world. Biochemical disposal is an effective method for the reduction and safe utilization of...     

Effects of operating parameters on in situ NH3 emission control during kitchen waste composting and correlation analysis of the related microbial communities

Ammonia emission during composting results in anthropogenic odor nuisance and reduces the agronomic value of the compost due to the loss of nitrogen. Adjusting the operating parameters during composting is an emerging in situ odor control technique that is cheap and highly efficient. The effects of in situ NH₃ emission control were investigated in this study by simultaneously adjusting key operating parameters (such as C/N ratio, aeration rate, and moisture content) during the composting processes (C1–C9). Results showed that the average NH₃ emission concentrations for different treatments were in the order of C1 > C4 > C2 > C5 > C3 > C6 > C7 > C8 > C9. The total content of NH₃ emission (21.02 g/kg) in C9 (C/N ratio = 35, aeration rate = 15 L/min, and moisture content = 60%) was much lower than that (65.95 g/kg) in C1 (C/N ratio = 15, aeration rate = 5 L/min, and moisture content = 60%). The nitrogen loss ratio was 27.36% for C1, while 16.15% for C9. The microbial diversity and abundance in C9 and C1 were compared using high-throughput sequencing. The relationship between NH₃ emission, operating parameters, and the related functional microbial communities was also investigated. Results revealed that Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas, Methanosaeta, Rhodobacter, Paracoccus, and Sphingobacterium were negatively related to NH₃ emission. According to the above results, the optimal values for different operating parameters for the in situ NH₃ control during kitchen waste composting were, respectively, moisture content of 70%, C/N ratio of 35, and aeration rate of 15 L/min, with the order of effectiveness from high to low being aeration rate > C/N > moisture. This information could be used as a valuable reference for the in situ NH₃ emission control during kitchen waste composting.

     

Spatial distribution of PAHs in a contaminated valley in Southeast China

A survey was conducted on the accumulation and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils under different land use patterns in a valley in the Yangtze Delta region with an area of 10 km² containing 15 small copper- and zinc-smelting furnaces. Sixty-five topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected and 16 PAHs were determined. The average amount of all the 16 PAHs ranged from 0 to 530 μg kg⁻¹ (oven dry basis), with a mean concentration of 33.2 μg kg⁻¹. Benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1, 2, 3, -cd]pyrene were the two main PAHs present at high concentrations, while pyrene and fluorene had very low concentrations. PAH concentrations were higher in uncultivated than in cultivated soils, and areas of woods and shrubbery had the␣lowest soil PAH contents. The average PAH-homologue concentrations ranked as follows: 5-rings >> 3-rings, 4-rings > 6-rings >2-rings. Much higher concentrations of PAHs were found in the southern part of the sampling area, perhaps due to deposition of airborne particles by the southeasterly winds in winter and spring. We conclude that the small smelting furnaces were the dominant source of PAHs that accumulated in the soils and the southeasterly winds led to the spatial distribution of PAHs in the topsoils. Land vegetation cover and soil utilization patterns also affected the accumulation and distribution of soil PAHs.     

大气CO_2浓度升高对稻田土壤Ca、Mg含量的影响

为了研究稻田生态系统中土壤钙、镁元素生物地球化学循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应。利用中国稻/麦轮作FACE（Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment）试验平台,研究大气CO2浓度升高（比周围大气高200μmol mol-1）对2007年稻季各生育期不同深度土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）的影响。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高降低了5 cm处土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）,有增加稻季30、60和90 cm处土壤溶液ρ（Ca）的趋势,其增幅分别为18.3%、12.4%和15.3%;大气CO2浓度升高会增加稻季Ca淋溶损失风险;稻季不同深度土壤溶液ρ（Ca）、ρ（Mg）对大气CO2浓度升高的响应有所不同。稻田生态系统不同深度土壤Ca、Mg循环对大气CO2浓度升高的响应值得深入研究。     

氟化工废水处理系统中活性污泥的耐毒性及微生物群落结构特征分析

氟化工废水具有毒性强、有机负荷高、可生化性差及水质成分复杂等特征,采用功能微生物技术降解氟化工混合废水是当前水处理研究的热点问题.本研究以某氟化工企业污水处理厂一期工程活性污泥S1、二期工程活性污泥S2及城市污水处理厂活性污泥S3为对象,研究3种污泥对氟化工混合废水的耐毒性和微生物群落结构特征.通过Strathtox活性污泥呼吸仪测得污泥S1、S2、S3在葡萄糖模拟废水中的最佳呼吸速率分别为(174.00±1.14)、(189.20±1.11)、(134.50±2.30)mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),表明3种污泥具有初始活性;在氟化工原始废水中平均呼吸速率分别仅为(5.60±0.70)、(8.87±0.97)、(5.83±0.25)mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),说明氟化工原始废水存在抑制微生物正常代谢的有毒有害物质.通过固相萃取获得的氟化工有机混合废水实验表明,3种污泥最佳呼吸速率分别为(53.02±0.79)、(68.60±0.96)、(38.10±1.06)mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1),与原始废水中的呼吸状况相比,3类污泥的呼吸作用有显著增强,表明3种活性污泥对氟化工有机混合废水有较强的适应性.应用PCR-DGGE技术对3种活性污泥的微生物多样性研究表明,3种活性污泥微生物多样性较为明显,其中,污泥S1的香浓布朗指数达到1.69.通过进一步的切胶克隆测序,成功鉴定出Kineococcus gynurae等6种能够适应氟化工有机混合废水的优势菌种.验证实验证实,污泥S2对初始总有机碳浓度为250 mg·L~(-1)的氟化工有机废水降解率达到70%,表明氟化工原始废水经过脱盐和消除重金属处理后,其可生化性显著增强.上述研究结果为氟化工混合废水高效处理工艺的开发提供了重要理论依据.