Removal performance and mechanisms of Pb(II) and Sb(V) from water by iron-doped phosphogypsum: single and coexisting systems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The serious environmental risks caused by Pb(II) and Sb(V) co-contamination increase the need for their efficient and simultaneous removal. In this...     

微电解+Fenton氧化+二级A/O组合工艺处理农药杀菌剂废水

杀菌剂生产废水含有大量三环唑、无机盐、高毒性物质和难生物降解有机物,对生化细菌有较强的抑制和毒害作用,且BOD5/COD值较小,采用传统生化处理工艺无法进行。现采用微电解、Fenton氧化和二级A/O组合工艺建成的废水处理工程,运行良好,出水各项指标达到环太湖流域排放标准DB 32/1072—2007。     

苏州河底泥的耗氧量

对苏州河底泥耗氧量(SOD)的实验测定结果表明,苏州河底泥(北新泾下游)的夏季耗氧强度是冬季的6倍,最大强度发生在武宁路河段,达7500mg/m2     

纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜的抗污染性能

以AgNO3为前驱体,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为聚合物基体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂和成孔剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为还原剂和溶剂,利用相转化法制备了纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、原子力显微镜及接触角测定仪对杂化膜的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:原位形成的纳米Ag粒子均匀地分散在聚合物基体中,纳米Ag粒子的添加改善了PVDF膜的亲水性能.以腐殖酸和牛血清蛋白作为污染物的代表,考察了Ag/PVDF膜的抗有机污染性能.以大肠杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及活性污泥作为微生物的代表,考察了杂化膜的抗生物污染性能.结果证实了与纯PVDF膜相比,Ag/PVDF膜通量衰减较慢,可有效抑制微生物的生长,表面受活性污泥污染程度小,具有显著的抗有机污染和抗生物污染性能.     

癸二酸生产中甲酚废水治理方法的进展

对用蓖麻的生产癸二酸过程中产生的甲酚废水的各种处理方法进行了评述。在这些处理方法中，ＱＨ－１型络合萃取剂萃取法的处理效果最佳，废水经处理后酚浓度可达到国家排放标准。该法的投资较少，且回收的甲酚钠可回用于生产。经济上较合理，是一种比较理想的处理方法。     

The effect of Mg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on digestion performance and microbial community structures in sludge digestion systems

The important criteria in anaerobic digestion is the rate-limiting step which decides the fate of value-added products especially from waste-activated sludge (WAS). Hence, the present study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg²⁺) addition on anaerobic digestion of WAS. The lab-scale experiments were conducted at 25 °C with Mg²⁺ doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.2 mol/L. Maximum total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production (372.78 mg COD/L) occurred at a Mg²⁺ dose of 0.2 mol/L, which was about eight times higher than the control tests. Further, Mg²⁺ addition facilitated sludge dewaterability and phosphorus removal. The mechanism of improved VFAs generation was analyzed from the view of both chemical and biological effects. Chemical effect significantly enhanced the release of calcium and iron in WAS, resulting in the disintegration of WAS, which benefited hydrolysis and acidification processes. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis revealed that enrichment of functional bacteria and the increase of bacterial diversity were obtained in the 0.2 mol Mg²⁺/L experiment, while the influence was negative on the reactor with 0.025 mol/L Mg²⁺. Meanwhile, methanogens were accordantly inhibited in the experiments with Mg²⁺ addition.     

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠.将多晶硅生产废物水解生成偏硅酸沉淀,水解温度应控制在40℃以下,水与多晶硅生产废物质量比10～12为宜,溶液pH应控制在2.0～2.5.向偏硅酸中加入质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液制备偏硅酸钠,pH控制在12.5,降温速率控制在1.0℃/min.采用该方法制备的偏硅酸钠完全符合HG/T2568-94<工业偏硅酸钠化工行业标准>的优等品指标.     

浅水海湾排污扩散器初始稀释度的计算

流速和水深是影响浅水型海湾扩散器初始稀释能力的主要环境因素,其长时间序列的实测资料在现实中通常很难得到,而平面二维水动力模型的引入可为初始稀释度的计算提供必要和准确的水动力要素。通过建立二维水动力模型模拟受纳海域的流场,利用实测水文资料进行模型的率定和验证,模拟设计水文条件下附近水域的流场,然后提取排污口处的水深、流速和流向的时间序列,再利用近区模型计算任一时刻的初始稀释度,最后进行累积频率分析得到设计保证率下的初始稀释度。将该方法应用于杭州湾某排污扩散器初始稀释能力的评估,研究表明,利用远区模型为扩散器近区模拟提供环境水文要素,弥补了实际工程计算中缺乏实测水文资料的不足,并大大提高了近区模拟的计算精度。     

Reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for NiFe2O4 synthesis and its application in the Fenton-based process

The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles(NiFe_2O_4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe_2O_4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe_2O_4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H_2O_2 or NiFe_2O_4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330 min were as low as 5.9% ± 0.1% and 13.5% ±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe_2O_4 and H_2O_2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95% ± 3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe_2O_4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between_Ni II and_Fe III ions in the NiFe_2O_4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.     

湿地生态系统碳汇与碳源过程的控制因子和临界条件

湿地生态系统由于其自身的结构组分特征,已成为地球表层系统中最为重要的碳汇。但是近年来对于湿地系统的不合理开发利用、降水减少等原因使其碳＂汇＂功能减弱,湿地的碳蓄积能力下降且有转变为碳＂源＂的趋势。文章从湿地生态系统的水份、植物类型、土壤厚度、微生物（底物、pH、温度、氧化还原条件）等方面总结了影响湿地碳汇/源过程的控制因子和临界交替条件。湿地水位的高低决定湿地的氧气环境,与甲烷产生量成正相关,但却与二氧化碳产生量有一定的负相关关系。湿地植物通过通气组织与根系分泌物等影响湿地碳的吸收与排放通量,湿地植株的高度、覆盖率等也是影响湿地作为碳汇与碳源的重要因素。不同深度土层由于其产甲烷菌、甲烷氧化菌等微生物活性不同导致各个土层碳吸收、排放通量的差异,通常浅层土壤中的CO2、CH4的产生率高于深层土壤。微生物的活跃程度直接影响到湿地碳的吸收与排放,影响活跃程度的因素包括湿地底物、pH、温度与氧化还原条件等。湿地底物浓度的增加会在一定程度上提高甲烷的产生率,中性或者是弱碱性环境是产甲烷菌的最适宜条件,在一定范围内温度越高,甲烷产生量越大,而温度对于二氧化碳的影响则是通过改变光合作用来实现。氧化还原电位与甲烷产生量成负相关关系,-150 mV是产甲烷菌产生甲烷的最高电位。总体上,由于湿地生态系统的复杂性和碳吸收与排放过程的复杂,以上这些因子相互作用,且在一定条件下会相互转化。最后针对如何充分发挥湿地生态系统的碳＂汇＂功能,控制湿地向碳＂源＂转化的条件措施方面进行了讨论,包括间歇灌溉、种植多年生草本植物或木本植物等来增强湿地的固碳能力。