伊宁市二氧化硫行业、区域分担率分析及对策探讨

总量控制是国家节能减排的主要手段,二氧化硫排放量控制是大气污染物削减的主要控制指标。在污染源普查数据统计分析的基础上,对伊宁市废气中二氧化硫排放按污染源和区域进行分担率研究,掌握并了解产生排放二氧化硫按污染源、区域、行业分布情况,确定伊宁市二氧化硫减排的重点行业和区域,为政府调整产业结构及企业合理布局提供决策依据。     

上海外高桥码头邻近水域泥沙疏浚影响数值模拟研究

为比较不同方案的泥沙疏浚工程带来的影响程度和范围。使用Delft-3D模型系统建立了长江口杭州湾大范围海域三维水动力模型．为上海市外高桥码头附近水域的小范围泥沙模型提供流速边界条件。以此来模拟外高桥码头临近水域的挖泥船作业产生的悬浮泥沙扩散情况。模拟结果表明：10mg／L的悬浮物最大影响范围在方案1中可以达到20km^2以上．在方案2中可达6km^2;100mg／L的悬浮物最大影响范围在方案1、2中接近．约0．2km^2;150mg／L的悬浮物最大影响范围在方案1中可以达到0．2km^2,在方案2中可达0．03km^2。     

国家半导体行业VOC排放标准制订研究

随着近年来我国半导体产业的持续繁荣发展,中国已成为全球半导体制造增长最为迅速的市场。为有效控制监管半导体生产过程中大量使用的各种有机溶剂所产生的废气中可挥发性有机物(VOC)的排放,加强行业污染控制,规范行业环境保护管理工作,对制订半导体行业VOC排放标准进行了研究。概述了半导体行业VOC排放的特点。分析了该行业对VOC排放的治理技术。阐述了美国和中国台湾地区有关半导体行业VOC废气的排放标准。从国内半导体企业VOC治理现状、现有监测技术、VOC排放管理方式等方面探讨了我国半导体行业VOC废气排放标准的制定思路。     

Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone, secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have significant impact on the formation of O₃ and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributing PM_2.5. Herein, we investigated 54 VOCs, O₃ and SOA in Tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O₃, SOA and VOCs. The monthly patterns of VOCs and SOA concentrations were characterized by peak values during October to March and reached a minimum from April to September, but the observed O₃ was exactly the opposite. Machine learning methods resolved the importance of individual VOCs on O₃ and SOA that alkenes (mainly ethylene, propylene, and isoprene) have the highest importance to O₃ formation; alkanes (C_n, n ≥ 6) and aromatics were the main source of SOA formation. Machine learning methods revealed and emphasized the importance of photochemical consumptions of VOCs to O₃ and SOA formation. Ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) calculated by consumed VOCs quantitatively indicated that more than 80% of the consumed VOCs were alkenes which dominated the O₃ formation, and the importance of consumed aromatics and alkenes to SOAFP were 40.84% and 56.65%, respectively. Therein, isoprene contributed the most to OFP at 41.45% regardless of the season, while aromatics (58.27%) contributed the most to SOAFP in winter. Collectively, our findings can provide scientific evidence on policymaking for VOCs controls on seasonal scales to achieve effective reduction in both SOA and O₃.     

伊宁市农村大气环境现状与评价

在对伊宁市农村大气环境监测数据分析的基础上,评价伊宁市农村大气环境质量现状。对比分析伊宁市城市市区、远郊、近郊农村大气环境质量,冬季、夏季污染物变化情况,以期为伊宁市城市规划和今后的环保工作提供相关依据。     

湿地生态系统碳汇与碳源过程的控制因子和临界条件

湿地生态系统由于其自身的结构组分特征,已成为地球表层系统中最为重要的碳汇。但是近年来对于湿地系统的不合理开发利用、降水减少等原因使其碳汇功能减弱,湿地的碳蓄积能力下降且有转变为碳源的趋势。文章从湿地生态系统的水份、植物类型、土壤厚度、微生物(底物、pH、温度、氧化还原条件)等方面总结了影响湿地碳汇/源过程的控制因子和临界交替条件。湿地水位的高低决定湿地的氧气环境,与甲烷产生量成正相关,但却与二氧化碳产生量有一定的负相关关系。湿地植物通过通气组织与根系分泌物等影响湿地碳的吸收与排放通量,湿地植株的高度、覆盖率等也是影响湿地作为碳汇与碳源的重要因素。不同深度土层由于其产甲烷菌、甲烷氧化菌等微生物活性不同导致各个土层碳吸收、排放通量的差异,通常浅层土壤中的CO2、CH4的产生率高于深层土壤。微生物的活跃程度直接影响到湿地碳的吸收与排放,影响活跃程度的因素包括湿地底物、pH、温度与氧化还原条件等。湿地底物浓度的增加会在一定程度上提高甲烷的产生率,中性或者是弱碱性环境是产甲烷菌的最适宜条件,在一定范围内温度越高,甲烷产生量越大,而温度对于二氧化碳的影响则是通过改变光合作用来实现。氧化还原电位与甲烷产生量成负相关关系,-...     

蒙德评价法在硫化氢储罐区的应用

采用英国帝国化学公司(ICI)蒙德火灾爆炸毒性指数评价方法分析了硫化氢储罐区的潜在危险性,对储罐区采取安全措施前后的火灾、爆炸、中毒等危险进行预测,从硫化氢储罐区的安全管理和消防措施等方面提出了对策.     

基于Web-GIS的黄浦江上游水源地突发水污染事故预警系统

针对黄浦江上游可能发生的突发性水污染事故,建立了油品、化学品理化性质数据库和特征流场数据库,开发了基于Web浏览器环境的突发水污染事故预警系统。通过该系统,用户可以使用Web浏览器在线模拟和统计分析突发的水污染事故,及时有效地掌握水污染现状及发展趋势,为决策者提供技术支持。该系统提供了灵活方便的操作界面,所有的空间数据分析和模拟运算全部在服务端实现,客户端只负责请求操作、模拟结果的动态显示和统计分析,便于系统的整体维护与升级。     

Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Land use change can have a strong impact on soil carbon dynamics and carbon stocks in urban areas. Due to rapid urbanization, large areas of land have been paved, and other areas have undergone rapid land use change. Evaluation of the impact of urbanization on carbon dynamics and carbon stock (30 cm) has become an issue of urgent concern. The soil carbon dynamics, due to rapid land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area of China, have been simulated in this paper using the RothC model. Because this area is saline, a modified version of RothC that includes a salt rate modifier provided more accurate simulations than the original model. The conversion to urban green land was not accurately simulated by either of the models because of the undefined changes in soil and plant conditions. According to the model, changes of arable to grassland resulted in a decline in soil carbon stocks, and changes of grassland to forest and grassland to arable resulted in increased soil carbon stocks in this area. Across the whole area simulated, the total carbon stocks in 2010 had decreased due to land use change by 6.5% from the 1979 value. By 2050, a further decrease of 21.9% is expected according to the 2050 plan for land use and the continuing losses from the soils due to previous land use changes.     

煤矸石活化制作吸附材料的初步研究

叙述了几种煤矸石和石煤的物理化学性质、岩性、矿物组成 ;讨论了该材料的物理和化学吸附机理,研究了煤矸石活化的焙烧温度、活化剂及制造条件 ;并讨论了活化矸石对污水中COD和金属离子吸附性能的影响因素,为煤矸石的深度加工和利用开辟了一条新途径