大规模突发事件应急资源调度的多目标鲁棒优化研究

为及时有效地控制大规模突发事件的不良影响,考虑应急响应系统中多种应急物资需求呈不确定性的特征,建立最小化总成本和总时间的多目标-两阶段临时配送中心选址和应急资源调度模型。采用相对鲁棒优化方法对模型进行求解,利用区间估计描述不确定性因素,并引入扰动系数和控制参数调节模型的鲁棒性和最优性。数值实验结果表明,该模型能有效解决需求不确定下应急资源调度网络的构建问题,且能保证应急决策良好的鲁棒性。最后,通过分析测算单目标与多目标模型下目标值的结果以及不同控制参数与扰动系数下目标值结果,进一步验证了该模型符合应急响应实际情况。     

EMERGY analysis for sustainability evaluation of the Baiyangdian wetland ecosystem in China

This study presents a quantitative and ecological benefit evaluation of the Baiyangdian wetland in China between the years 2000 and 2006. Methods of EMERGY analysis were applied to illustrate the wetland ecosystem, to evaluate the economic and environmental inputs and consequent yields, and to assess the sustainability of the Baiyangdian wetland. The indicators for the integrated ecological and economic system, such as EMERGY yield ratio (EYR) (7.51), EMERGY investment ratio (EIR) (4.52), environmental loading ratio (ELR) (2.92), EMERGY exchange ratio (0.41), and EMERGY sustainable indicator (ESI) (2.57) were calculated, compared, analyzed, and discussed. The non-renewable investment in Baiyangdian was greater than renewable investment, leading to the unsustainable development of the system. High EYR indicated that the Baiyangdian integrated system had created huge profits for its people, while ELR and ESI revealed that human behavior has been a heavy burden on the environment, and countermeasures should be taken by the Chinese government to relieve and resolve these problems. Potential management methods were also proposed in this paper.     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

城市污水处理厂污泥的综合利用与资源化

随着城市污水处理厂不断建成与使用,污泥量的增加速度越来越快。污泥作为污水处理的副产品,如果不及时处理将造成严重的二次污染。通过对当前污泥综合利用和资源化技术及其发展趋势的分析,结合调查实例,综述了我国城市污水处理厂污泥资源化利用方法与途径;提出了进一步加强对污泥的资源化研究,开发出低能耗、低成本、高效率的能够广泛应用的资源化方法,应是今后研究中的重点。     

聚丙烯酰胺与聚合氯化铝联合投加净化微污染水源水的试验研究

强化混凝是去除水中消毒副产物的最佳方法之一。文章针对强化混凝技术,从净化微污染水源水的角度出发,通过混凝搅拌试验,评价了联合投加聚丙烯酰胺与聚合氯化铝对原水中有机物的去除效果,考察了混凝剂投加量、投加方式等对去除效果的影响。结果表明,联合投加助凝剂和混凝剂有利于水中CODMn及浊度的去除,且可以节省药剂用量,具有进一步试验和推广的价值。     

浅谈提高环境影响评价中工程分析质量

提出如何在社会区域类环境影响评价中提高工程分析质量的措施,以齐齐哈尔市第一医院为例,在工艺流程或产污环节分析中,应重点突出与污染物排放有关的工序和污染物的产生量;现有工程的污染物计算应结合监测和生产状况综合分析;以"清洁生产审计"的观点进行"清洁生产分析";对提出的污染物治理措施应具有可操作性。     

泥水平衡顶管技术在川气东送管道工程中的应用

介绍了泥水平衡顶管施工中采取的改进措施,实践证明,改进后未发生任何安全事故,且比预期提前了18天。     

广州市生活饮用水地表水源地微量元素调查

对广州市秀全、巴江、江村、石门、西村、刘屋洲、南洲和沙湾等主要生活饮用水地表水源地中钼、钴、铍、硼、锑、镍、钒、钛、锡、银和钡等微量元素含量水平进行了调查,并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对微量元素水质进行了评价。结果表明,硼和锡在所有地表水源地均未检出,铍在部分地表水源地有检出,其他检测项目在所有地表水源地均有检出。整体而言,微量元素含量水平不高,地表水源地由北往南微量元素内梅罗指数呈逐渐降低态势,南部水源地水质优于北部水源地。巴江和西部水源地镍含量相对较高,电镀企业排污监管力度有待进一步加强。     

染料化工废水处理技术及其应用

随着染料工业的发展,其生产废水已成为主要的水体污染源。目前染料已有成千上万种之多,它们不但具有特定的颜色,而且结构复杂,以高分子络合物为多。且生物降解性较低,大多具有潜在毒性,在环境中的归趋依赖于很多未知因子。这些特点致使染料废水难以找到行之有效的处理方法。介绍了几种染料废水的处理技术及其发展趋势,这些研究对染料废水的治理具有一定的指导意义。     

Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent

A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2...