Monitoring of Aerial Pollutants Emitted from Swine Houses in Korea

This on-site survey study was performed to determine the concentrations and emissions of aerial contaminants in the different types of swine houses in Korea and then to present beneficial information available for Korean pig producers to manage optimal air quality in swine house. The swine houses investigated in this research were selected based on three criteria; manure removal system, ventilation mode and growth stage of swine. Mean concentrations of aerial pollutants in swine houses were 8 ppm for ammonia, 300 ppb for hydrogen sulfide, 2 mg m⁻³ for total dust, 0.6 mg m⁻³ for respirable dust, 4 log(cfu m⁻³) for total airborne bacteria and 3 log(cfu m⁻³) for total airborne fungi, respectively. Mean emissions based on pig (liveweight; 75 kg) and area (m²) were 250 and 340 mg h⁻¹ for ammonia, 40 and 50 mg h⁻¹ for hydrogen sulfide, 40 and 50 mg h⁻¹ for total dust, 10 and 15 mg h⁻¹ for respirable dust, 1.0 and 1.3 log(cfu) h⁻¹ for total airborne bacteria and 0.7 and 1.0 log(cfu) h⁻¹ for total airborne fungi, respectively. In general concentrations and emissions of gases were relatively higher in the swine houses managed with deep-pit manure system with slats and mechanical ventilation mode than the different swine housing types whereas those of particulates and bioaerosol were highest in the naturally ventilated swine houses with deep-litter bed system.     

Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for quantification of elemental carbon in sediments

The IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) method, commonly used for EC quantification in atmospheric aerosols, is applied to soils and sediments and compared with a thermochemical method commonly applied to these non-atmospheric samples. TOR determines elemental carbon (EC) by an optical method, but it also yields thermally defined EC fractions in a 2% O2/98% He oxidizing atmosphere at 550 degrees C (EC1), 700 degrees C (EC2), and 800 degrees C (EC3). Replicate TOR TC, OC, and EC values exhibited precisions of approximately +/-10% as determined from multiple analyses of the same samples. EC abundances relative to total mass concentrations were within the ranges reported by other methods for diesel exhaust soot, n-hexane soot, wood and rice chars, and coals, as well as for environmental matrices. A direct comparison with the chemothermal (CTO) method of Gustafson et al. for ten soil and sediment samples demonstrated that almost all of the OC and EC1 are eliminated, as is part of the EC2. The CTO soot carbon is bounded by the EC3 and EC2+EC3 fractions of the IMPROVE TOR analysis. It might be possible to adjust these fractions to obtain better agreement between atmospheric aerosol and soil/sediment analysis methods. Given its linking the EC measurement in the atmosphere to sediments, the TOR method will not only provide useful information on the explanation and comparison between different environmental matrices, but also can be used to derive information on global cycling of EC.     

麦饭石对NOx的吸附

研究了麦饭石在不同预处理方法、粒径、活化温度、NOx初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下对NOx的吸附性能。实验结果显示：粒径为0.18mm的麦饭石经过400～600℃活化1h后,NOx吸附率大于99%,饱和吸附量大于6.3m g/g。经4次重复活化后,麦饭石对NOx的吸附效果仍然很好,可作为处理含NOx废气的吸附剂。     

超声辐射法降解废水中的二甲苯、苯酚和丙烯腈

采用频率为20kHz的超声波处理二甲苯、丙稀腈、苯酚溶液。实验结果表明,在二甲苯初始质量浓度为27．6mg／L、H2O2质量浓度为1．68g／L、溶液温度为25℃、声强为141．32W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为60min的条件下,二甲苯降解率可达99．20％;在丙烯腈初始质量浓度为100．0mg／L、通氧量为15mL／rain、溶液温度为28℃、声强为141．32W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为30rain的条件下,丙烯腈降解率可达98．20％;在苯酚初始质量浓度为20．0mg／L、H202质量浓度为1．50g／L、FeSO4质量浓度为0．22g／L、溶液温度为28℃、声强为48．92W／cm^2、辐射全程时间为40rain的条件下,苯酚降解率可达99．81％。     

金属络合剂在烟气同时脱硫脱硝中的应用

液相络合法是烟气同时脱硫脱硝中广泛应用的方法之一。液相络合法常用的金属络合剂有亚铁络合剂和钴络合剂等。重点介绍了亚铁氨羧络合剂、含-SH的亚铁络合剂和六氨合钴络合剂、乙二胺合钴络合剂等同时脱硫脱硝的基本过程及常用吸收液的再生方法,指出了金属络合剂在烟气同时脱硫脱硝中应用时存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

汽车乘务舱空气污染物的净化措施研究

汽车乘务舱是乘务员(特别是驾驶员)接触最频繁、最密切的空间,其空气质量直接关系到舱内每个人的健康。文章对汽车乘务舱空气污染物的来源进行了分析,并通过对汽车乘务舱空气污染物的净化措施发展的研究,提出了将一种半导体光净化材料直接应用到汽车乘务舱中的净化措施。同时,针对我国北方夏冬两季温差较大的特点,提出了北方汽车乘务舱空气污染物净化的有效方法及措施。     

印染废水处理的磁混凝-高梯度磁分离协同作用

混凝过程作为工业废水的预处理技术普遍受到重视,在混凝过程中降低污泥产生量并提高污泥分离速度是该技术发展的方向,基于上述目标,通过将磁粉引入絮体使之磁化并在自行研制的高梯度磁分离装置中实现磁混凝与磁分离的协同作用.以高浊度的印染废水作为试验废水,以色度、COD及SS作为考核指标,重点考察了磁混凝反应及磁分离的影响因素.当印染废水的色度约为900倍、COD约为595 mg/L、SS约为500 mg/L时,在pH=8.5、FeSO4500 mg/L、PAM3.5 mg/L、磁粉400 mg/L的适宜磁混凝反应条件下,相应指标去除率比传统混凝法分别高出17.3%、21.7%及24.2%,此时絮团沉降速度增大了64.3%,污泥体积减少了61%,污泥压缩比为0.39.在电流强度8 A、流速2.5 L/min和介质填充率1%的操作条件下,该磁性絮体流经高梯度磁分离装置时的水力表面负荷达到61.0 m3/m2·h,处理出水达到国家二级排放标准.     

某市南郊水源地土壤四氯化碳污染特征

含四氯化碳废水在排放的过程中沿排污渠侧壁和底部的渗漏对土壤造成污染.在对某市南郊受四氯化碳污染的水源地进行钻孔检测的过程中发现,土壤四氯化碳污染的特征:靠近排污沟的钻孔均检测出四氯化碳,而远离排污沟的钻孔则未检出;四氯化碳的垂向分布存在不连续性,且受降雨影响较大;大部分钻孔浅层土壤中基本未检测到四氯化碳,而在3 m以下的土层和基岩中检测到四氯化碳;抽水井的抽水行为导致抽水井附近土壤中四氯化碳明显高于其他钻孔点位检测结果.     

钴磷合金催化剂的制备及其催化分解磷化氢的研究

采用诱导化学沉积法制备系列Co-P合金,并将其引入PH3的分解试验.结果表明,所有样品均具有在较低温度下催化分解PH3的性能,且测定的表观催化反应温度随合金中磷质量分数的升高而降低,当磷的质量分数≥7.7%时,表观催化反应温度＜450 ℃.选取Co86.3P13.7样品进行催化分解PH3气体的研究表明,实验条件下,PH3分解率随催化反应温度的升高呈现先增后减的趋势,但随总通气流量QPH3 QN2或通气量比QN2∶QPH3的增大而降低.控制催化反应温度为470 ℃、PH3进气流量QPH3=4～6 mL/min、通气比QN2∶QPH3=33～35时,催化剂可发挥最佳的催化性能,此时PH3的分解率达95%以上.对Co86.3P13.7不同处理温度下的X射线衍射(XRD)表征分析表明,样品在催化反应温度下发生晶化,有磷化物Co2P析出,但催化反应测试温度范围内晶化后的催化剂基本保持稳定.     

浅谈输油站队施工HSE管理

输油管道作为联系油田和炼化企业的桥梁和纽带,对上下游企业的正常生产经营起着至关重要的作用.岚山输油站是甬沪宁管线上的大型输油站,在实现一期建成投产后,如何在边生产边施工的复杂情况下,既能保证二期工程安全顺利进行,又能实现正常的输油安全,是摆在安全管理人员面前的重大课题.