UV/Fenton法处理间-甲酚废水

利用UV/Fenton工艺对模拟间-甲苯酚废水进行了处理,研究了H2O2加入量、FeSO4加入量、pH、原水初始COD值、环境温度、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响.实验表明：间-甲苯酚浓度为100mg/L、初始COD值251 mg/L的废水,在30℃下,pH为4.Q,[H2O2]/[Fe^2＋]=15（质量浓度比）,紫外灯照射3 h后,COD去除率达86.3%,若再经Ca（OH）2絮凝沉降,则COD去除率提高到92.6%.同时,对Fenton及UV/Fenton的处理效果进行了比较,实验表明：UV/Fenton的处理效果明显优于Fenton法.     

仪化涤纶厂乙醛废气质量浓度的分布规律

通过对仪化涤纶厂乙醛废气污染源的调查及监测，分析了其源强、生产车间及厂区内外的分布规律，并进一步作了该厂乙醛废气对环境影响的预测评价。结果表明，周边地区乙醛废气的质量浓度分布均达到《工业企业设汁卫生标准》的要求。     

成瘾者头发样品中滥用药物的GC—MS鉴定

本文采用气相色谱－质谱方法分离、鉴定成瘾者头发样品中的滥用药物，样品处理方法简单，甲醇一次超声提取，提取效果较好，样品用量少，仅需２０ｍｇ。应用该法对几例成瘾者头发样品进行了分析鉴定，不公检出几种代谢产物，而且检出药物的原形。     

AQI在呼和浩特市大气环境质量评价中的应用

AQI（Air Quality Index，空气质量指数）是一套目前在国际上被广泛应用的大气环境质量评价体系，本文采用这一体系对呼和浩特市的空气质量进行了评价。根据2003年的监测数据，分析了本市2003年的大气环境现状及季节变化趋势；利用1990-2003年14年间的空气中污染物年均值，分析了本市大气环境质量的年际变化趋势。其结论为：呼和浩特市空气的主要污染因子为TSP，而且空气质量虽在逐渐好转，但仍然基本处于“不健康”的状态，因此，需要政府继续采取措施进一步改善。     

超临界水氧化的技术研究进展

超临界水氧化是利用有机物与超临界反应来破坏有机物结构的一种新型氧化技术.本文介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化的原理与工艺装置,综述了这一高新技术在对酚、甲胺磷、DDT、硝基苯等有毒有机污染物的处理方面的最新研究成果,且对影响处理效果的各因素(温度、压力、氧化剂浓度、停留时间、有机物初始浓度、pH值)以及催化剂的研究进行了概括,并对这一新型氧化技术的发展前景作了展望.     

Emissions of intermediate volatility organic compound from waste cooking oil biodiesel and marine gas oil on a ship auxiliary engine

Ship auxiliary engines contribute large amounts of air pollutants when at berth.Biodiesel,including that from waste cooking oil(WCO),can favor a reduction in the emission of primary pollutant when used with internal combustion engines.This study investigated the emissions of gaseous intermediate-volatile organic compounds(IVOCs) between WCO biodiesel and marine gas oil(MGO) to further understand the differences in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production of exhausts.Results revealed that WCO exhaust exhibited similar IVOC composition and volatility distribution to MGO exhaust,despite the differences between fuel contents.While WCO biodiesel could reduce IVOC emissions by 50% as compared to MGO,and thus reduced the SOA production from IVOCs.The compositions and volatility distributions of exhaust IVOCs varied to those of their fuels,implying that fuel-component-based SOA predicting model should be used with more cautions when assessing SOA production of WCO and MGO exhausts.WCO biodiesel is a cleaner fuel comparing to conventional MGO on ship auxiliary engines with regard to the reductions in gaseous IVOC emissions and corresponding SOA productions.Although the tests were conducted on test bench,the results could be considered as representative due to the widely applications of the test engine and MGO fuel on real-world ships.     

水生植物对淡水生态系统温室气体排放的影响研究进展

淡水生态系统温室气体(CO_2、CH_4、N_2O)排放是全球气候变化背景下的研究热点。水生植物作为淡水生态系统重要的组成部分,对水体生源要素的生物地球化学循环过程具有重要影响,进而影响水体温室气体产生与排放。本研究基于目前水生植物与水体温室气体排放关系的研究,探讨了水生植物对淡水生态系统温室气体排放动力学过程的影响,提出水生植物分布区可能是温室气体排放热点;水生植物种类、生活型的多样性增加了水体温室气体排放的变异性和不确定性,对监测和估算方法的准确性产生一定影响;进一步总结了水生植物对淡水生态系统温室气体排放的影响机制:1)机械作用,包括气体传输通道作用和浮叶植物的滞留作用; 2)水生植物光合/呼吸作用参与水体碳循环,同时水生植物凋落物分解为水体代谢提供新鲜碳、氮源,提高温室气体产生速率; 3)改变根际厌氧环境,影响根际CH_4和N_2O产生与排放; 4)水生植物群落改变水体生态因子分配格局,影响水体异养代谢等。基于当前研究现状,本文提出要进一步开展不同尺度或不同生境条件下水生植物种类、生活型和生长代谢等对水体温室气体排放动力学的影响研究,并从水生植物群落尺度构建温室气体排放动力学模型,优化监测方法与估算模型,为推进我国淡水生态系统温室气体排放研究提供理论基础。     

杭州校园中不同植被对PM2.5的吸附能力

为合理安排绿地配置,极大发挥植物改善生态环境的功能,为城市系统绿化的功能化规范化经济化提供更加合理的理论支持,通过获取杭州电子科技大学校园内现有的4种植被的不同时间段和不同离地高度的ρ（PM_2.5）,用统计学的t检验方法研究了ρ（PM_2.5）的变化规律.以一天当中不同时间空地的ρ（PM_2.5）作为参照,分别对相同时间、不同植被区域、不同高度和不同时间、相同植被区域、相同高度的ρ（PM_2.5）作对比.结果表明:①早晨水杉林、松树林、混合林的PM_2.5吸附能力相似,与空地的平均差值分别为14.36、12.00和12.79 μg/m3;草地的PM_2.5吸附能力较差,与空地的平均差值仅为4.75 μg/m3.中午时,水杉林的PM_2.5吸附能力最强,与空地ρ（PM_2.5）平均差值为10.87 μg/m3,其次为混合林（8.18 μg/m3）,草地ρ（PM_2.5）反而比空地高14.90 μg/m3.下午水杉林与混合林的PM_2.5吸附能力与中午相比略微减弱.晚上,除混合林外,其他3种绿地均与空地无显著差异.②对比距地面0.1与1.5 m高的空气中ρ（PM_2.5）的差异发现,一般情况下树林中0.1 m处ρ（PM_2.5）大于1.5 m处,空地0.1 m处ρ（PM_2.5）小于1.5 m处.研究显示,大部分植被在早晨吸附能力最强、晚上最弱,不同植被对于PM_2.5的吸附能力也有所不同.由此,在所统计的植被中,水杉林对空气中PM_2.5的吸附能力最强,在以后的绿地规划中,可考虑多增加水杉林的种植面积;但在增加城市林地面积减少空气中PM_2.5的同时,还应考虑到植物自身生理能否带来一些城市负面影响,从面得出最优种植方案.      

Development of methods for establishing nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs: A review

Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements.     

Monitoring of 943 organic micropollutants in wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants with secondary and advanced treatment processes

To perform a systematic survey on the occurrence and removal of micropollutants during municipal wastewater treatment, 943 semi-volatile organic chemicals in 32 wastewater samples including influents of secondary treatments, secondary effluents and final effluents(effluents of advanced treatments), which were collected from seven full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWTPs) in China, were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) coupled with an automated identification and quantification system with a database(AIQS-DB). In total, 196 and 145 chemicals were detected in secondary and final effluents, respectively. The majority of the total concentrations(average removal efficiency, 87.0%±5.9%) of the micropollutants were removed during secondary treatments. However, advanced treatments achieved different micropollutant removal extents from secondary effluents depending on the different treatment processes employed. Highly variable removal efficiencies of total concentrations(32.7%–99.3%) were observed among the different advanced processes. Among them,ozonation-based processes could remove 70.0%–80.9% of the total concentrations of studied micropollutants. The potentially harmful micropollutants, based on their detection frequency and concentration in secondary and final effluents, were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)(2-methylnaphthalene, fluoranthene, pyrene, naphthalene and phenanthrene), phosphorus flame retardants(tributyl phosphate(TBP), tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate(TDCP)), phthalates(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)), benzothiazoles(benzothiazole,2-(methylthio)-benzothiazol, and 2(3H)-benzothiazolone) and phenol. This study indicated that the presence of considerable amounts of micropollutants in secondary effluent creates the need for suitable advanced treatment before their reuse.