城市污泥对不同质地土壤保水效果研究

利用城市污泥滞水性强的特性可开发污泥作为保水剂的新功能。通过土培实验,在砂土、壤土和粘土中加入不同质量的污泥,研究污泥对不同质地土壤的保水效果。结果表明:在充分供水条件下,添加污泥能显著提高3种质地土壤的持水能力,土壤中添加20%的污泥后,砂土、粘土和壤土初始含水率分别增加11.2%、8.7%和8.8%;在3种质地土壤中添加污泥均可增大土壤的保水性,使水分蒸发减慢,且污泥添加量越多,土壤含水率越大;土壤累积失水量主要受到土壤中含水量的影响,也和不同质地土壤自身的蒸发量有关;在150 g土壤中添加10 g污泥,对砂土保水性提高不大,对壤土保水性提高最大,随着添加污泥量的增多,污泥对砂土的保水效果提高最明显。研究表明:开发污泥做为保水剂是可行的,这为污泥的资源化利用提供了新的途径,也为复合保水剂的研制提供了新的廉价材料,对于污泥治理及农业节水都有重要意义。     

Temporal variability of atmospheric particulate matter and chemical composition during a growing season at an agricultural site in northeastern China

This study presents the observations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations at an agricultural site from April to October 2012 in Dehui city,China.Ambient air was sampled by filter-based samplers and online PM monitors.The filter samples were analyzed to determine the abundance of ionic/inorganic elements,organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC).The daily PM_(10) concentrations varied significantly over the monitoring period,with an average of168 ± 63(in the range of 52-277) μg/m~3 during the land preparation/planting period(26 April-15 June),85 ± 65(36-228) μg/m~3 during the growing season(16 June-25 September),and 207 ±88(103-310) μg/m~3 during the harvest period(26 September-31 October).PM_(2.5) accounted for44%,56%and 66%of atmospheric PM_(10) during these periods,respectively.The PM_(10) diurnal variation showed a distinct peak from 16:00 to 21:00(LST) during the growing and harvesting seasons,while a gradual increase throughout the daytime until 17:00 was observed during tilling season.Mineral dust elements(Al,Ca,Fe,and Mg) dominated the PM_(10) chemical composition during the tilling season;OC,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+ during the growing season;and carbonaceous species(i.e.,OC and EC) during the harvesting season.Our results indicate that the soil particles emitted by farm tillage and organic matter released from straw burning are the two most significant sources of PM_(10) emissions contributing to the recurring high pollution events in this region.Therefore,development of agricultural PM inventories from soil tillage and straw burning is prioritized to support air quality modeling.     

Arsenic fractionation and contamination assessment in sediments of thirteen lakes from the East Plain and Yungui Plateau Ecoregions, China

Arsenic（As） fractions in the sediments of seven lakes from East Plain Ecoregion and six lakes from Yungui Plateau Ecoregion, China, were investigated. Results indicated that the total As concentrations in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Lake Ecoregion are higher than those of Yungui Plateau Lake Ecoregion. Residual As is the main fraction in sediment samples of lakes from both ecoregions, followed by reducible As and soluble or oxidizable As. The total As is correlated to oxidizable As and residual As in sediment samples from both lake ecoregions. As distribution in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Ecoregion appears to be affected by human activity, while the As origin mainly comes from natural sources in sediment samples of lakes in the Yungui Plateau Ecoregion. The potential ecological risk index and geoaccumulation index values suggest ＂low to moderate＂ risk degree and ＂unpolluted to moderately polluted＂ for As in the studied lake sediments.     

混合溶剂的闪点变化规律探析

为考察不同类型溶剂对混合液易燃特性的影响,探索混合溶剂闪点的变化规律,分别将不燃溶剂、阻燃型溶剂、高闪点溶剂及低闪点溶剂与乙醇按不同比例混合,采用闭杯闪点测试仪进行混合液的闪点测试。研究结果表明,添加不燃或阻燃溶剂时,混合液闪点整体呈现逐渐升高趋势,不燃或阻燃溶剂易于提高混合溶剂的安全性能,当不燃或阻燃溶剂体积分数超过0.7以上时,混合液闪点提高幅度较大;添加可燃溶剂时,可燃溶剂的结构不同,对混合液的燃烧特性影响也不同,添加高闪点溶剂可能提高混合液闪点,也可能降低混合液闪点;而添加低闪点溶剂,降低混合液闪点,甚至可能比混合液任一组分闪点值都低;因此选用混合溶剂时,不能盲目,需要严格关注其混合后易燃特性参数的变化。     

污泥中汞的存在形态及其在干化过程中的动态变化

在测定市政污泥、印染污泥和造纸污泥中汞含量及其存在形态分布特征的基础上,通过模拟实验,系统研究了不同类型污泥中汞存在形态在干化过程中的动态变化,同时分析了污泥中汞含量和各存在形态发生变化的原因.结果表明,市政污泥的汞含量依次大于印染污泥和造纸污泥;污泥中无酸溶态汞和可还原态汞,只存在可氧化态汞和残渣态汞;被试污泥在25~100℃干化时,含水率降低不会导致汞的析出;在100~200℃干化时,污泥中汞含量随温度的升高呈现出缓慢降低的趋势;当干化温度200~300℃时,随污泥中有机质和硫化物的分解,可氧化态汞消失;当干化温度达到400℃时,污泥中汞不复存在.     

Synthesis of carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@C) and its application for sulfonamide antibiotics removal from water

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concerns regarding their potential threat to human health and aquatic ecosystem. A new magnetic nanocomposite, Fe304@C （Fe304 coated with carbon）, was synthesized, characterized, and then applied to remove five commonly-used sulfonamides （SAs） from water. Due to its combinational merits of the outer functionalized carbon shell and the inner magnetite core, Fe3O4@C exhibited a high adsorption affinity for selected SAs and a fast magnetic separability. The adsorption kinetics of SAs on Fe304 @ C could be expressed by the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well with the Dual-mode model, revealing that the adsorption process consisted of an initial partitioning stage and a subsequent hole-filling stage. Solution pH exerted a strong impact on the adsorption process with the maximum removal efficiencies （74% to 96%） obtained at pH 4.8 for all selected SAs. Electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding were two major driving forces for adsorption, and electron-donor-acceptor interactions may also make a certain contribution. Because the synthesized Fe304@C showed comprehensive advantages of high adsorptivity, fast magnetic separability, and prominent reusability, it has potential applications in water treatment.     

如何搞好国有大中型亏损企业的环境保护工作

本文揭示了目前在国有大中型亏损企业中开展环境保护工作的困难与问题，指出这是关系到实现我国中目标的重大课题，并提出了一系列搞好国有大中型亏 企业环境工作的对策和措施，希望能引起社会各界特别是国有大中型企业领导们的重视。     

清代综合治理黄河下游水患的系统科学思想

利用清代在治黄斗争中留下的历史文献, 对清代治理黄河的系统科学思想进行初步的研究与总结, 目的是鉴古知今, 为当代治理好黄河提供借鉴与创意。     

许昌市浅层地下水中离子总量与电导率间关系的研究

通过实验,用回归分析法,研究了许昌市浅层地下水中离子总量与电导率间的定量关系,可用电导法快速了解水质中的离子总量和衡量水质全分析中主要被测离子总和的质量.