水上溢油环境风险源确定研究

依据泄漏进水域的最大油品量、水域环境敏感性等两个主要因素,研究确定了江苏油田水上(临水)设施环境风险源等级,并针对不同的风险源阐述了降低风险等级的技术方法和预防措施,为加强江苏油田环境风险防患、提高应急处理能力提供了依据。     

化学沉淀组合电催化氧化处理脱硫废液技术研究

真空碳酸钾脱硫工艺碱洗段废液因含有高浓度硫化物、COD等有毒成分而影响焦化废水后续生物处理。以焦化企业实际碱洗段废液为研究对象,选用化学沉淀和电催化氧化的组合方式对其进行预处理。结果表明,室温下当氧化铜的投加量为65 g/L、反应时间60 min时废液中S2-去除率可达93%,且经过高温灼烧可实现Cu O沉淀剂的再生使用。沉淀后出水经电催化氧化处理,在电流10 A、电压4.9 V、电解时间120 min的条件下,出水COD可降至2 400 mg/L,满足常规生化系统进水的要求。     

基于SEM与员工感知的高速铁路人因安全影响机理研究

为了揭示环境因素、岗位质量、作业负荷对高速铁路人因安全的影响机理,在解析高速铁路人因安全内涵特征的基础上,建立高速铁路人因安全影响分析的结构方程模型。利用问卷调查采集实际数据,采用LISREL软件进行模型评价,以获取各个影响因素对高速铁路人因安全的影响机理。结果表明:环境因素、岗位质量、作业负荷对高速铁路人因安全的影响程度不同,岗位质量影响较明显影响系数达到0.68,岗位质量同时对作业负荷产生影响,影响系数达到0.67;人因安全管理水平、人因安全控制策略与岗位适应性的影响系数分别为0.91、0.85、0.96。     

化学热洗法处理页岩气开采废钻井液

针对页岩气开采过程中所产生的废钻井液处理,采用化学热洗的方法对废钻井液进行了油、水、固三相分离,并使用5%的清洗剂对废钻井液中的泥砂和岩屑进行除油。结果表明:温度为40℃、搅拌转速为160 r/min、破稳剂浓度为50 g/L、清洗剂的浓度为5%时,废钻井液中油的回收率达到了98%,泥砂与岩屑的含油量均小于2%。     

丹江口库区湿地自然保护区现状及保护对策

湖北丹江口库区湿地自然保护区是"内陆湿地和水域生态系统类型"自然保护区,但受人为活动的影响,水文情势改变,保护区的湿地生态系统受到一定的威胁。基于丹江口库区湿地自然保护区现状,从合理调整保护区范围、全面加强湿地生态建设、加强环境污染防治、建立有效的湿地保护管理协调机制、加强湿地保护知识的宣传等方面,构建和谐生态,实现人与自然协调发展。     

清水江流域福泉市段水体主要污染指标评价研究

对2012年清水江流域福泉市段10个监控断面监测数据进行分析,结果表明:10个断面的TP污染最为严重,存在严重超标情况;通过相关性分析,氟化物、TP和NH3-N三者呈极显著相关关系,具有同一来源;根据综合污染负荷指数可知,高坪河、市化肥厂、川恒公司排口上游、黑塘桥、越都取水口5个断面能够达到III类水质的要求;根据Tomlinson污染负荷指数法,可判断福泉市水体整体处于中等污染水平。     

Quantitative analysis of riparian herbaceous community in Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries北大核心CSCD

Research on community characteristics of riparian herbs is an important scientific basis of riparian vegetation rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the species diversity and quantitative characteristics of riparian herbs in Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries. Herbaceous communities were investigated by sample line method. Group average clustering analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were used to find the major environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of riparian herbaceous communities. The result showed altogether 154 herbaceous species, belonging to 40 families and 96 genera. The riparian herbaceous species diversity was found to be correlated to river slope, sinuosity and stream order, being lower in rivers of mountain area than in rivers of plain area, and higher in tributaries than in Liaohe River Conservation Area. Clustering analysis classified the herbaceous communities into 23 types, being dominated by hygrophytes including communities of Echinochloa crusgalli, Oenanthe javanica, Polygonum hydropiper, Murdannia keisak, Artemisia selengensis, Scirpus triqueter, Heleocharis soloniensis, Pycreus sanguinolentus, Cyperus fuscus, Phragmites australis, Polygonum amphibium, Carex diandra + Artemisia selengensis and Carex diandra + Rorippa islandica. Correlation analysis between DCA ordination axes and environmental factors showed that the altitude, river slope, sinuosity and stream level were the major environmental factors affecting the distribution pattern of herbaceous communities in the riparian zone of Liaohe River Conservation Area and its tributaries. The results of CCA showed that the contribution ratio of stream level was the highest, followed by altitude and slope, with sinuosity the last. The results suggested that riparian herbaceous characteristics are affected by the comprehensive force of altitude, river slope, sinuosity and stream order, and that Calamagrostis epigeios, Triarrhena sacchariflora and Phragmites australis are suitable species for riparian vegetation rehabilitation.     

我国水资源“农转非”驱动因素的时空尺度效应

优化配置水资源,实现利用效益最大化,是我国水资源管理的关键议题。论文选取影响水资源"农转非"的9个因素,采用2003—2010年省际面板数据,运用岭回归法测度各因素作用程度的时空差异。结果表明:1时间尺度上,产业结构变化、城镇化发展是主要推动因素,综合作用达0.53;随时间推移,各因素的作用差异较大。2空间尺度上,全国范围内,产业结构变化和城镇化发展的正向作用是0.32和0.21;极度缺水区,产业结构变化、生态环境改善、节灌率和人均水资源量的正向作用明显;中度缺水区,产业结构变化的影响系数是0.56;轻度缺水区,城镇化发展和有效灌溉率的影响程度为0.33和0.30;GDP是丰沛区的关键促进因素。3从时空尺度看,水资源利用比较收益是主要约束因素。4各因素在不同时点、不同区域的作用方向也不一致。     

Bioreduction of vanadium (V) in groundwater by autohydrogentrophic bacteria: Mechanisms and microorganisms

As one of the transition metals, vanadium (V) (V(V)) in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V(V) can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V(V) is to reduce it to V(IV), which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V(V) in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors, H₂ shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V(V) was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V(IV) precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V(V) bioreduction belonged to the β-Proteobacteria. Previously known V(V)-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V(V) reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V(V) bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V(V) bioreduction.     

New insights into disruption of iron homeostasis by environmental pollutants

Among the numerous health conditions environmental pollutants can cause, chronic exposure to pollutants including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals has been shown to disturb a specific biological homeostatic process, the iron metabolism in human body. Disorders of iron metabolism are among the common diseases of humans and encompass a broad spectrum of diseases with different clinical manifestations, ranging from anemia to iron overload, and possibly to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Hepcidin–ferroportin (FPN) signaling is one of the key mechanisms responsible for iron supply, utilization, recycling, and storage, and recent studies demonstrated that exposure to environmental pollutants including POPs and heavy metals could lead to disruption of the hepcidin–FPN axis along with disordered systemic iron homeostasis and diseases. This article introduces and highlights the accompanying review article by Drs. Xu and Liu in this journal, which elaborates in detail the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on iron metabolism, and the mechanisms responsible for these toxicological outcomes. It also points out the knowledge gaps still existing in this subject matter. Research that will fill these gaps will improve our understanding of the issue and provide useful information to prevent or treat diseases induced by environmental pollutants.