微波纳米磁粉协同作用处理污泥的研究

将粒径范围在10～20 nm之间的磁粉加入到原污泥中,在微波场中辐射,考察0.5～5 min辐射时间内污泥可生化性能、沉降性能和脱水性能的改善效果.结果表明,在微波和纳米磁粉的协同作用下,污泥快速发生水解,5 min内VSS溶解率达到34.62%,COD溶出率达到13.38%,在显微镜下观察到污泥微生物细胞发生了破裂;...     

城市污泥桨叶式干化优化实验研究

桨叶式干化是一种高效的污泥干化处理技术,为了降低污泥含水率达到污泥减量减容效果,同时为后期的工程化应用提供依据和参考,实验采用倾斜盘式桨叶干燥机,以北京市污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,研究了不同滞留时间、污泥供给量、干燥机换热面积等因素对桨叶式干化处理后蒸发速度和污泥含水率的影响,并从处理效率以及与工程化应用数据对比分析等多方面考核,确定最佳工艺运行条件：使用0．5—0．8MPa的蒸气,蒸发速率达到14～21．8kg／（m^2·h）时,干化处理后污泥含水率〈40％。     

绿色技术评价磺化反应过程热危险性

反应量热仪RC1研究磺化反应过程中热危险性具有评价路线简单、易于操作、过程绿色环保等优势,近年来逐渐成为研究的热点.磺化反应过程中由于工艺的不同,不同磺化反应过程的热危险性也具有很大的差别.通过反应量热仪RC1、差示扫描量热DSC、绝热加速量热仪ARC对10种不同工艺的磺化反应过程的热危险进行了深入的研究,对企业实践生...     

A preliminary study of ozone trend and its impact on environment in Hong Kong

As far as the impact of air pollutants on human health being is concerned, ozone (O3) is one of the most pollutant sources, and, in particular, the ground level ozone is responsible for a variety of adverse effects on both human being and plant life. To protect the population from such adverse health effects, early information and precautions about the high ozone level need to be ascertained. In this study, statistical characteristics of ground level ozone is analyzed according to field monitoring data in mixed residential, commercial and industrial areas, e.g., Tsuen Wan area in Hong Kong. The study deals with the characteristics of hourly and daily mean ozone levels under different climatic conditions such as temperature, solar radiation (SR), wind speed (WS), and other pollutant concentration levels. The study aims to investigate the importance of meteorological factors and their impact on relevant pollutant concentration levels from a chemical aspect. Further, reasons for the spatial and temporal variation of ozone levels are discussed. All these results will provide a physical basis for accurately predicting ozone concentration in similar research.     

Prediction of maximum daily ozone level using combined neural network and statistical characteristics

Analysis and forecasting of air quality parameters are important topics of atmospheric and environmental research today due to the health impact caused by air pollution. As one of major pollutants, ozone, especially ground level ozone, is responsible for various adverse effects on both human being and foliage. Therefore, prediction of ambient ozone levels in certain environment, especially the ground ozone level in densely urban areas, is of great importance to urban air quality and city image. To date, though several ozone prediction models have been established, there is still a need for more accurate models to develop effective warning strategies. The development of such models is difficult because the meteorological variables and the photochemical reactions involved in ozone formation are very complex. The present work aims to develop an improved neural network model, which combines the adaptive radial basis function (ARBF) network with statistical characteristics of ozone in selected specific areas, and is used to predict the daily maximum ozone concentration level. The improved method is trained and testified by hourly time series data collected at three air pollutant-monitoring stations in Hong Kong during 1999 and 2000. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed method.     

聚合氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺复合改性凹凸棒土絮凝材料的制备及其除浊除藻效果

蓝藻水华已成为我国湖库面临的主要环境问题,而利用黏土治理有害藻华技术在我国应用已有十多年的历史,是国际上公认的最具发展前景的措施之一。通过选用凹凸棒土(AT)为原材料,聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为改性剂,制备新型复合絮凝材料凹凸棒土-聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺(AT-PAC-PAM)。比较不同原料配比条件下复合絮凝材料的除浊效果,并对絮凝材料改性前后微观形貌、物化性质进行表征分析,然后通过单因素实验对复合絮凝材料除浊除藻条件进行优化,最后采用电子显微镜观察不同絮凝材料处理藻液所生成的絮体形貌差异。研究结果表明：AT-PAC-PAM絮凝材料的最佳原料组分质量配比为m(AT)∶m(PAC)∶m(PAM)=100∶20∶0.2;材料改性后铝离子含量增加、表面积增加、孔径增大、空隙增多,使得吸附能力增强;在相同实验条件下,AT-PAC-PAM(20%)除浊除藻效果最优,其最佳条件为pH =7、复合絮凝材料质量浓度为60 mg·L⁻¹、藻液初始浊度50 NTU、慢搅转速100 r·min⁻¹、慢搅时间20 min、沉淀时间30 min;在对絮体微观观察中发现,复合絮凝材料AT-PAC-PAM加强了吸附架桥和网捕作用,使所形成的絮体密集紧实,从而促进藻-土复合絮体的沉降,具有很好的应用前景。     

上海城市拓展及其环境影响的模拟研究

采用基于元胞自动机的SLEUTH模型模拟上海市1988-2004年间的城市化进程.上海地区的发展进程主要是以中必向外围拓展的面状城市化,加之沿交通干线的线状城市化.城市化的主要影响因子包括人口增长和经济增长,SLEUTH模型与系统动力学模型相耦合,模拟了3个情景设置(基础情景、生态优先情景和道路交通规划引导情景)下20...     

A study of ozone variation trend within area of affecting human health in Hong Kong

As far as the impact of air pollutants on human health being concerned, ozone is one of the main pollutants in atmosphere. In particular, the ground level ozone is responsible for a variety of adverse effects on both human being and plant life. To protect the humankind from such adverse health effects, early information and precautions of high ozone level need to be supplied in times. In this study, statistical characteristics of ground level ozone is analyzed according to the field monitoring data in mixed residential, commercial and industrial areas, e.g., Tsuen Wan area in Hong Kong. The study deals with the characteristics of hourly and daily mean ozone levels under different climatic conditions such as temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and other pollutant concentration levels. The study aims to investigate the importance of meteorological factors and their impact on relevant pollutant concentration levels from chemical aspect. Further, reasons causing the spatial and temporal variations of ozone levels are discussed. All these results will provide a physical basis for accurately predicting ozone concentration in extensive, future research.     

On eco-planning for an eco-demonstration park (EDP) and sustainability—Case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China

The background, concept, connotation, principles, and methods of eco-planning for an Eco-Demonstration Park (EDP) and sustainability were examined based on a case study of the Luhua EDP in the Chongming Island of Shanghai, China, which is an important part of Shanghai Eco-city planning and construction in the 21st century. By analyzing natural, social and economic conditions, calculating population using the land capacity eco-model, eco-function zoning, and eco-construction, an innovative eco-industrial structure and technical chain were formulated. A comprehensive eco-planning scheme for the EDP was proposed, including planning and management strategies for subsystems of efficient industry, good quality human settlement, high standard eco-construction and eco-tourism as well as effective environmental protection and attractive landscape. The EDP should be an area with coordinated and sustainable economic, social and environmental subsystems. Eco-planning for the EDP should be a very important part of eco-city planning and sustainability. The paper aims to set up a theoretical framework and practical basis for eco-planning and promoting harmony between human and nature.     

广东鲂幼鱼对铜、镉胁迫的氧化应激响应及其指示意义

广东鲂（Megalobrama terminalis）是具重要经济价值的珠江流域特有鱼类,已列入国家级水产种质资源保护品种。近年来,随着河流固有生境持续破坏,重金属等水体污染问题不断加剧,以广东鲂为代表的当地特有鱼类资源急剧下降。文章以铜、镉暴露对广东鲂幼鱼48 h的半致死浓度值LC50暴露浓度强度为1个毒性单位（TU）为基准,以室内静水实验法研究了铜、镉离子在低效应浓度、中效应浓度、高效应浓度（分别对应于0.01 TU、0.03 TU和0.11 TU）胁迫对广东鲂幼鱼的氧化应激效应,以期找出适宜的生物标记物,完善珠江水域污染评价与预警体系。结果显示,广东鲂幼鱼MDA、GSH、T-AOC、SOD和CAT（以Pr计）随暴露浓度及暴露时间发生变化,其范围分别在1.08~7.34 nmol·mg-1、0.42~22.82 mg·g-1、0.10~1.32 U·mg-1、2.45~13.24 U·mg-1和0.01~0.09 U·mg-1之间。其中,GSH、MDA和T-AOC在铜、镉暴露后第1天迅速响应至高值,相应的各浓度处理组明显高于对照组。曲线回归结果显示,GSH与暴露浓度c（以TU量计）之间呈显著的二次曲线关系,拟合方程为GSH=-2112（c-0.084）2＋18.1,r=0.847,n=10,P=0.012,暴露浓度阈值为0.084 TU。SOD和CAT则在暴露后第4天响应至高值。曲线回归结果显示, SOD 与 c 及 CAT 与 c 之间均呈显著的二次曲线关系,拟合方程分别为SOD=-2073（c-0.059）2＋14.3,r=0.840,n=10,P=0.014;CAT=-21.2（c-0.056）2＋0.102,r=0.877,n=10,P=0.006,相应的暴露浓度阈值分别为0.059 TU和0.056 TU。与暴露浓度呈显著的二次曲线关系的各指标中,GSH响应最为迅速,SOD和CAT的响应最为灵敏,加之SOD与CAT相关性极强,表明GSH、SOD和CAT这3种氧化应激指标可作为珠江流域水体污染的潜在生物标记物。