Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

基层应急救援力量建设之探讨

随着经济社会的快速发展,各种灾害事故层出不穷,建立以公安消防部队为主的基层应急救援队伍,既是一项惠及民生的系统工程,也是新形势下完善应急救援管理体系的一个崭新课题。本文从盐城地区基层应急救援队伍建设的实际出发,深入分析了当前影响基层应急救援队伍建设与发展的主要因素和关键环节,提出了加强基层应急救援能力建设的措施,并从应急救援的格局、机制、基础和保障等四个方面进行了详细阐述。     

关于渗透通风条件建筑结构对室内PM2.5浓度水平影响评价模型探讨

我国京津冀地区近年频遭大气PM_2.5污染侵扰,相关研究表明,既使关闭建筑外窗,大气中PM_2.5仍可以通过渗透通风方式进入室内污染环境.为定量评价建筑渗透通风及无室内污染源条件下建筑结构（如外窗缝隙结构、房间建筑结构等）对室内ρ（PM_2.5）的影响规律,基于北京市东城区、朝阳区6个不同建筑结构的房间室内外ρ（PM_2.5）实时监测数据,重点比较分析了建筑结构对室内外ρ（PM_2.5）关联特性的影响规律.此外,根据颗粒物穿透特性及沉降特性机理,提出了反映建筑外窗缝隙结构（如缝高、缝深）的无量纲特征参数A_P与反映房间建筑结构（如层高、开间、进深）的无量纲特征参数A_k.在前期提出的室内ρ（PM_2.5）预测模型基础上,进一步构建了二者（A_P与A_k）对室内ρ（PM_2.5）影响的评价模型,并通过实测数据验证了模型的正确性.结果表明:当室外PM_2.5污染程度与气象条件一定时,建筑结构对I/O[室内外ρ（PM_2.5）之比]影响较大,其范围在0.4~0.7之间;随着建筑外窗气密性等级的提高,对应室内ρ（PM_2.5）呈显著的下降趋势.建筑外窗缝隙结构对室内ρ（PM_2.5）影响程度远大于房间建筑结构,敏感性分析结果表明,当建筑外窗缝高每降低50%或缝深每提高50%,对应室内ρ（PM_2.5）约可下降33.6%与31.9%.研究显示,气密性等级较高的建筑外窗缝隙缝高往往较小、缝深较长,渗透通风条件下对控制室内ρ（PM_2.5）水平作用更显著。      

水库沉积物贫营养型好氧反硝化菌(Pseudomonas sp.)分离及其对微污染水体脱氮效率分析

为探究深水水库沉积物微生物功能特征及利用价值,于2019年在实验室对小湾水库表层沉积物微生物进行了驯化分离,并分析了其中一株细菌的脱氮效率.结果表明,分离出的细菌XW731经鉴定属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）,是一种贫营养型好氧反硝化菌;在分别以NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N为唯一氮源时,该菌对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N去除率分别为33.6%、68.5%和9.1%;以NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N为氮源时,对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为66.4%、89.6%,同步硝化反硝化能力更强.将该菌投加到两种城市微污染水体后测试表明,该菌对城市河道水体的NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为38.3%和42.4%,对城市降雨水体的NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为22.2%和7.7%.     

不同外源条件下稀土在小麦植株中的残留

采集了全国14个稀土施用区3种不同施用条件（土施、喷施、拌种）下的成熟小麦样品及未施用稀土对照样品，利用等离子体质谱法（ICP－MS）测定了小麦植株的根、茎、叶及籽粒中14种稀土元素的含量。分别探讨了不同外源下小麦植株各部位稀土元素的含量及分布特征，并与有关文献中的报道进行了对比。研究结果表明，土施和拌种的小麦各部位没有发现明显残留，施用样各部位稀土总量比对照样增加约5％－10％，其分布模式与土壤类似；喷施的小麦样品的根、茎、叶中稀土残留严重，其含量比对照样高一个数量级，其分布模式与土壤及对照完全不同，表现为轻稀土更富集；3种施用方法的小麦籽粒中稀土残留均不明显。     

中国自然资源学会2005年学术年会在济南召开

2005年11月14日,中国自然资源学会2005年学术年会在山东师范大学隆重召开。大会历时两天,来自全国84个科研院所和大专院校的280名代表参加了会议。本次大会的主题是“发展资源科技,建设节约型社会”。围绕该主题,设立了4个专题,即:“节约型社会的资源科学理论与技术”、“资源持续利用、开发保护与节约型社会”、“土地资源节约利用与技术”、“湿地资源的保护、生态修复与区域可持续发展”。本届年会还首次设立了“资源学院院长论坛”,该论坛的设立是本次大会的创新点,目的在于促进我国资源学科建设,培育资源学科人才,加强各兄弟院校和科研单位的合作,推进资源科学的发展。     

上海设施蔬菜主要品种污染物含量调查评估

通过对上海郊区单栋大棚、连栋大棚和现代化智能温室生产的叶菜类和茄果类设施蔬菜的主要品种污染物（农药和硝酸盐）含量抽样调查，并以附近大田蔬菜作为对照，分析结果发现，上海郊区设施蔬菜农药和硝酸盐的污染物含量普遍高于大地蔬菜，且超标状况比较严重。究其因，设施蔬菜生产较常规大田蔬菜生产农药与化肥使用水平高，而且在封闭环境条件下污染物降解速度慢，容易残留或积累超标。     

基于活性污泥的厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产酸研究

以厨余垃圾和活性污泥为原料,考察了不同接种比例对厌氧发酵产物的挥发性脂肪酸产量、pH值和COD去除率的影响.结果表明,当厨余垃圾和活性污泥接种比例为4∶1时,挥发性脂肪酸产量在第3天达到最大值为42.7 g/L,产率提高了40%,COD去除率达到了35.6%,pH值没有发生较大的差异,其变化幅度在4～6之间.     

Internally mixed sea salt, soot, and sulfates at Macao, a coastal city in South China

Direct observation of the mixing state of aerosol particles in a coastal urban city is critical to understand atmospheric processing and hygroscopic growth in humid air. Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles from Macao, located south of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and 100 km west of Hong Kong, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM/EDX). SEM images show that soot and roughly spherical particles are prevalent in the samples. Based on the compositions of individual aerosol particles, aerosol particles with roughly spherical shape are classified into coarse Na-rich and fine S-rich particles. TEM/EDX indicates that each Na-rich particle consists of a Na-S core and NaNO3 shell. Even in the absence of heavy pollution, the marine sea salt particles were completely depleted in chloride, and Na-related sulfates and nitrates were enriched in Macao air. The reason could be that SO2 from the polluted PRD and ships in the South China Sea and NO2 from vehicles in the city sped up the chlorine depletion in sea salt through heterogeneous reactions. Fresh soot particles from vehicular emissions mainly occur near curbside. However, there are many aged soot particles in the sampling site surrounded by main roads 200 to 400 m away, suggesting that the fresh soot likely underwent a quick aging. Overall, secondary nitrates and sulfates internally mixed with soot and sea salt particles can totally change their surface hygroscopicity in coastal cities.     

Response of denitrification genes <Emphasis Type="Italic">nirS</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">nirK</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">nosZ</Emphasis> to irrigation water quality in a Chinese agricultural soil

Purpose  

Denitrification is an important biochemical process in global nitrogen cycle, with a potent greenhouse gas product N₂O. Wastewater irrigation can result in the changes of soil properties and microbial communities of agricultural soils. The purpose of this study was to examine how the soil denitrification genes responded to different irrigation regimes.