Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to sample the mercury in the flue gas discharged from the seven power plants in Guizhou Province, southwest China. In order to investigate the mercury migration and transformation during coal combustion and pollution control process, the contents of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were measured. The mercury in the flue gas released into the atmosphere mainly existed in the form of Hg°. The precipitator shows a superior ability to remove Hgp (particulate mercury) from flue gas. The removal efficiency of Hg2+ by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) was significantly higher than that for the other two forms of mercury. The synergistic removal efficiency of mercury by the air pollution control devices (APCDs) installed in the studied power plants is 66.69–97.56%. The Hg mass balance for the tested seven coal-fired power plants varied from 72.87% to 109.67% during the sampling time. After flue gas flowing through APCDs, most of the mercury in coal was enriched in fly ash and gypsum, with only a small portion released into the atmosphere with the flue gas. The maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.
Implications: Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to test the mercury concentration in the flue gas discharged from seven power plants in Guizhou Province, China. The concentrations of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were also measured. By comparison of the mercury content of different products, we found that the maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum, instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs. 相似文献
Composite nucleating agent (CNA) consisting of zinc oxide as a crystallization promoter and phenylphosphonic acid zinc salt (PPZn) as an heterogeneous nucleation agent was employed to improve the crystallization behaviors of branched poly (lactic acid) (B-PLA) which was prepared by use of multi-functional epoxy-based chain extender (CE). The differential scanning calorimeter results showed that the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of prepared B-PLA/CNA were higher than that of linear poly (lactic acid) (L-PLA) and B-PLA at a high cooling rate. The corresponding phenomena of heterogeneous nucleation of B-PLA/CNA were observed by means of polarized optical microscope. The crystalline mechanism research results show that the degradation reaction and chain extending reaction were occurred simultaneously after the addition of CE and CNA into the PLA, PPZn as an effective nucleation points could increase the nucleation density and the degraded short molecular chains with higher chain mobility would improve crystal growth during the crystallization of the branched PLA. Non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of various B-PLA with different content of CNA was studied. The corresponding result showed that the crystallinity and crystallization rate increased obviously with the CNA content greater than or equal to 5phr, as well as the crystallization time decreased. The similar experimental results of non-isothermal and isothermal melt crystallization kinetics also showed that CNA had a significant impact on crystallization behavior of B-PLA. 相似文献