Modification of Ce02-ZrO2 catalyst by potassium for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method. The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800℃ for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area, oxygen storage capacity, NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements. By introduction of potassium, the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature (Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst decreased from 525 to 428℃ in the presence of NO under a loose contact mode. The shift of Tm of the K-modified catalyst after ageing is only 15℃. The enhanced activity of the aged catalyst mainly lies in the promotional effect of potassium on the NOx/oxygen storage cacity as well as the soot-catalyst contact.     

藻毒素复合污染对鱼体的免疫毒性研究

针对水体富营养化问题,通过单一暴露和联合暴露方式研究两种MCs四种暴露剂量（0．1,1,10,100μg／L）下对鱼体的免疫毒效应。结果发现,不同剂量MCLR和MCRR单一暴露都能使鲫鱼淋巴细胞发生死亡,呈现明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。且MCLR对鱼体的毒性相对McRR要更显著;MCLR和McRR复合暴露对鱼体淋巴细胞的毒性效应表现为协同作用,且随着毒素浓度的增加,其毒性效应差异显著性也随之升高,故而鱼体的免疫系统造成重大的影响,因此应当加强控制藻毒素在水体中的复合污染。     

煤炭开发建设项目环境影响后评价初步研究

环境影响后评价作为环境影响评价的延伸,是提高环评有效性的有力手段,目前我国环境影响后评价仍处于起步阶段,其理论和实践都具有很强的探索性。煤炭在我国的能源地位突出,但对煤炭开采建设项目的环境影响后评价研究甚少,文章介绍了国内外环境影响后评价的研究进展,并针对煤炭项目,通过识别煤炭开采的环境影响,概述了其评价指标的选取原则、指标体系的构建和评价方法。     

煤炭开发建设项目环境影响后评价初步研究

环境影响后评价作为环境影响评价的延伸,是提高环评有效性的有力手段,目前我国环境影响后评价仍处于起步阶段,其理论和实践都具有很强的探索性。煤炭在我国的能源地位突出,但对煤炭开采建设项目的环境影响后评价研究甚少,文章介绍了国内外环境影响后评价的研究进展,并针对煤炭项目,通过识别煤炭开采的环境影响,概述了其评价指标的选取原则、指标体系的构建和评价方法。     

基于“公地悲剧”和“反公地悲剧”解析气候变暖和低碳技术壁垒

化石燃料的大量使用所排放的温室气体使得全球气候日益变暖,低碳经济的提出成为了目前全球应对气候变暖的主要策略,而发展中国家在进行低碳技术引进时常常面临来自发达国家的知识产权贸易壁垒。本文从"公地悲剧"角度解析气候变暖的经济学根源,从"反公地悲剧"角度揭示低碳技术转让过程中发达国家以知识产权为借口制造技术壁垒的经济学缘由。     

Efectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China

Understanding the efectiveness of national air pollution controls is important for control policy design to improve the future air quality in China. This study evaluated the efectiveness of major national control policies implemented recently in China through a modeling analysis. The sulfur dioxide(SO2) control policy during the 11th Five Year Plan period(2006–2010) had succeeded in reducing the national SO2emission in 2010 by 14% from its 2005 level, which correspondingly reduced ambient SO2and sulfate(SO4 2) concentrations by 13%–15% and 8%–10% respectively over east China. The nitrogen oxides(NOx) control policy during the 12th Five Year Plan period(2011–2015) targets the reduction of the national NOx emission in 2015 by 10% on the basis of 2010. The simulation results suggest that such a reduction in NOx emission will reduce the ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2), nitrate(NO3), 1-hr maxima ozone(O3) concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 8%, 3%–14%, 2% and 2%–4%, respectively over east China. The application of new emission standards for power plants will further reduce the NO2, NO3, 1-hr maxima O3concentrations and total nitrogen deposition by 2%–4%, 1%–6%, 0–2% and 1%–2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-provincial impacts of emission reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, which indicated the need to implement joint regional air pollution control.     

Ionic composition of submicron particles (PM1.0) during the long-lasting haze period in January 2013 in Wuhan, central China

In January 2013, a long-lasting severe haze episode occurred in Northern and Central China; at its maximum, it covered a land area of approximately 1.4 million km². In Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, this event was the most severe haze episode in the 21st century. Aerosol samples of submicron particles (PM_1.0) were collected during the long-lasting haze episode at an urban site and a suburban site in Wuhan to investigate the ion characteristics of PM_1.0 in this area. The mass concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were almost at the same levels at two sites, which indicates that PM_1.0 pollution occurs on a regional scale in Wuhan. WSIIs (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2-) were the dominant chemical species and constituted up to 48.4% and 47.4% of PM_1.0 at WD and TH, respectively. The concentrations of PM_1.0 and WSIIs on haze days were approximately two times higher than on normal days. The ion balance calculations indicate that the particles were more acidic on haze days than on normal days. The results of the back trajectory analysis imply that the high concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions may be caused by stagnant weather conditions in Wuhan.     

2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震余震序列震源机制解与震源区应力场分析

本文利用垂直向的Pg和Sg波的最大振幅比方法,计算2000年1月15日云南姚安6.5级地震后余震序列震源机制解,通过统计和系统聚类分析,再结合震中分布图,综合分析了云南姚安6.5级地震的震源机制解和震源区应力场破裂特征,研究结果表明震源断层的走向为SEE-NWW占主导,其平均解为120°,震区主压应力轴平均解为145°,即SSE向,与震源区现今构造应力场主压应力方向一致,表明余震的应力场主要受区域应力场的控制.     

日本、韩国环保产业发展经验对中国的借鉴

节能环保产业作为战略性新兴产业的七大重点领域之一,新形势下发展具备有利条件,特别是十二五以来我国环保产业得到了飞速发展,但是由于体制机制、技术、市场等多方面原因环保产业发展也面临诸多挑战和障碍。日本与韩国,环保产业已进入技术成熟期。逐渐成为本国国民经济的支柱产业和世界环保市场的主力,借鉴日韩环保产业的发展经验,提出中国推动环保产业发展的对策建议。     

石墨烯基磁性复合材料吸附水中亚甲基蓝的研究

建立了一种超声辅助共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4/氧化石墨烯(Fe3O4/GO)纳米粒子.透射电镜和磁滞回线研究表明,该复合物具有小的颗粒尺寸和超顺磁性.该磁性纳米材料可以吸附废水中的染料亚甲基蓝,实验研究了溶液pH值、吸附剂的用量、时间和温度对亚甲基蓝去除率的影响.结果表明,pH值在6~9范围内,Fe3O4/GO都能高效地吸附亚甲基蓝.反应过程在前25 min反应速率很快,到180 min内达到吸附平衡.该磁性纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附过程是一个自发和吸热过程.该吸附材料对亚甲基蓝吸附容量高,在313 K时Fe3O4/GO的饱和吸附量为196.5 mg·g-1.另外,可以方便地通过外部磁场分离回收吸附剂,利用过氧化氢可以再生重复使用,是一种优良的吸附染料废水的材料.