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271.
272.
Influence of surfactant sorption on the removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Laboratory column flushing experiments were conducted to remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils by Triton X-100 (TX100) with an aim to investigating the effect of surfactant sorption on the performance of surfactant-enhanced remediation process. The effluent concentration of phenanthrene from soil columns showed strong dependence on the sorption breakthrough curves of TX100. The removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils was enhanced only when the sorption breakthrough of TX100 occurred and the influent concentration of TX100 was greater than the critical enhanced flushing concentration (CEFC). The sorption of surfactant onto soils and the subsequent partitioning of contaminants into soil-sorbed surfactant had a significant effect on the solute equilibrium distribution coefficient (KD) and thus the flushing efficiency for phenanthrene. A model was developed to predict KD and CEFC values for simulating the performance of surfactant-enhanced flushing for contaminated soils. These results are of practical interest in developing effective and safe surfactant-enhanced remediation technologies. 相似文献
273.
274.
Yang L Xiaoye Z Sunling G Huizheng C Dan W Wenjun Q Junying S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):301-312
The concentrations of EC, BC and dust aerosols were determined for atmospheric samples collected from an observation station in Xi'an, China. The results show that the averaged correlation coefficient between EC and BC was founded to be 0.72 with 0.81 (n = 49) in autumn, 0.70 (n = 112) in winter and 0.69 (n = 57) in spring, respectively. Absorption coefficients of dust aerosol were estimated to be 2.7 m2 g−1 in autumn and 4.4 m2 g−1 in winter. The comparison of absorption coefficients of dust aerosol with those of BC implies that BC is the principal light-absorbing aerosol over Xi'an atmosphere. By combining thermal analysis of elemental carbon and dust contents in the aerosol samples, however, the fraction of dust absorption to total light absorption is estimated to be 19% in autumn and 31% in winter, respectively. 相似文献
275.
高频电晕放电等离子体法处理甲醛的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用高频电晕等离子体法进行去除甲醛气体的试验研究.主要考察了甲醛气体处理效果与电源频率和停留时间的关系,并进行了无填料、填加亚硝酸钠填料和钛酸钡填料对甲醛气体处理效果的对比试验.结果表明,高频电晕放电等离子体法可有效地实现对甲醛气体的去除.电源频率越高,停留时间越长,甲醛的去除效果越好;在相同条件下有填料填加对甲醛气体的去除效果优于无填料填加的去除效果;钛酸钡填料优于亚硝酸钠填料的去除效果;在电源频率为55 kHz、流量0.3 m3·h-1、进口浓度12 mg·m-3钛酸钡填料存在的条件下对甲醛的去除效率接近100%. 相似文献
276.
277.
低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯废气性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯废气的性能进行了探讨,在理论分析的基础上进行实验研究。低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯的机理是放电反应产生的高能电子与苯和甲苯分子发生非弹性碰撞并将能量全部或部分传递给目标分子,使其裂解、激化。被裂解、激化的分子与臭氧、活性基团发生一系列物理、化学反应后生成二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水。实验结果表明,苯和甲苯的去除率随着电场强度的增强而增大,随着气体流速的增大而减小。在较高电场强度下,有钛酸钡填料的反应器比无填料的反应器对苯和甲苯的去除率高得多,苯最高去除率可达92 6%,甲苯可达到96 8%。相同条件下甲苯比苯更容易去除。 相似文献
278.
常温下HAR处理低浓度生活污水中试启动 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对有效容积为315L的复合式厌氧反应器(hybridanaerobicreactor,HAR)处理低浓度生活污水的启动情况做了研究,结果表明,HAR在常温下是可以启动的,复合式厌氧工艺在启动初期有利于厌氧污泥和有机物的积累。HAR的启动期可分为3个阶段,水温>15℃时,HAR运行34d后,反应器完成启动。水力停留时间(HRT)为6h,COD和SS去除率可达60%以上。容积负荷从0.775kgCOD/m3·d增加到2.227kgCOD/m3·d,去除效率不受影响。下部污泥床层和上部填料层的污泥特性不同,在启动期末,污泥床层有少量颗粒污泥出现。 相似文献
279.
Li Lin Lei Dong Xiaoyang Meng Qingyun Li Zhuo Huang Chao Li Rui Li Wenjun Yang John Crittenden 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):271-280
After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), the hydrological situation of the reservoir has changed greatly. The concentration and distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment have also changed accordingly. In this study, the concentration, distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and 6 phthalic acid esters(PAEs) during the water drawdown and impoundment periods were investigated in water and sediment from the TGR. According to our results, PAHs and PAEs showed temporal and spatial variations. The mean ΣPAH and ΣPAE concentrations in water and sediment were both higher during the water impoundment period than during the water drawdown period. The water samples from the main stream showed larger ΣPAH concentration fluctuations than those from tributaries. Both the PAH and PAE concentrations meet the Chinese national water environmental quality standard(GB 3838-2002). PAH monomers with 2–3 rings and 4 rings were dominant in water, and 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment. Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP)were the dominant PAE pollutants in the TGR. DBP and DEHP had the highest concentrations in water and sediment, respectively. The main source of PAHs in water from the TGR was petroleum and emissions from coal and biomass combustion, whereas the main sources of PAHs in sediments included coal and biomass combustion, petroleum, and petroleum combustion. The main source of PAEs in water was domestic waste, and the plastics and heavy chemical industries were the main sources of PAEs in sediment. 相似文献
280.
Wenjun Li Hong Li Jinjuan Li Xueli Cheng Zhengzheng Zhang Fahe Chai Hao Zhang Ting Yang Pengli Duan Defeng Lu Yizhen Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):61-76
Size–fractioned atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing. The organic and inorganic components on the surfaces of the samples were analyzed using time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF–SIMS).The variation characteristics of the surface chemical composition and influencing factors were studied, and the possible sources of these chemical compositions were identified through principal component analysis. The results showed that inorganic components such as crustal elements and sulfate, and organic components such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen–containing organic groups were present. Some surface components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and fluorides may exert adverse effects on human health. The species and relative percentages of the chemical components varied with particle size, diurnal and pollution progress. During a heavy pollution event, the species and relative percentages of secondary components such as oxygen–containing organic groups and sulfurous compounds increased, indicating that particles aged during this event. The surface chemical composition of the aerosol particles was affected mainly by emissions from coal combustion and motor vehicles. In addition, air pollution, meteorological factors, and air mass transport also exerted a significant effect on the surface chemical composition of aerosol particles. 相似文献