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161.
为了探明乌鲁木齐市小白菜中Pb的污染来源,采用Pb同位素示踪法,结合盆栽试验种植小白菜,测定了成熟期小白菜不同部位Pb同位素单体计数值及其比值,分析了灌溉水、土壤、降尘对小白菜Pb的贡献率及小白菜Pb的可能来源.结果表明:大气降尘、灌溉水和土壤对小白菜地上部Pb的贡献率分别为51.50%、31.8%、16.7%,大气降尘对小白菜可食用部Pb含量的影响最大;对小白菜根系Pb累积的贡献率分别为2.20%、77.5%、20.30%,灌溉水对小白菜根系Pb含量累积的影响最大.尾气烟灰、燃煤、建筑降尘是导致乌鲁木齐市叶类蔬菜可食用部Pb含量超标的主要原因. 相似文献
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163.
Xiaoxue Ruan Yingying Xiang Chii Shang Shuangshuang Cheng Jingfu Liu Zhineng Hao Xin Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):24-36
UV/chlorine process, as an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP), was effective for removing micro-pollutants via various reactive radicals, but it also led to the changes of natural organic matter (NOM) and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). By using negative ion electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS), the transformation of Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) and the formation of chlorinated DBPs (Cl-DBPs) in the UV/chlorine AOP and subsequent post-chlorination were tracked and compared with dark chlorination. In comparison to dark chlorination, the involvement of ClO?, Cl?, and HO? in the UV/chlorine AOP promoted the transformation of NOM by removing the compounds owning higher aromaticity (AImod) value and DBE (double-bond equivalence)/C ratio and causing the decrease in the proportion of aromatic compounds. Meanwhile, more compounds which contained only C, H, O, N atoms (CHON) were observed after the UV/chlorine AOP compared with dark chlorination via photolysis of organic chloramines or radical reactions. A total of 833 compounds contained C, H, O, Cl atoms (CHOCl) were observed after the UV/chlorine AOP, higher than 789 CHOCl compounds in dark chlorination, and one-chlorine-containing components were the dominant species. The different products from chlorine substitution reactions (SR) and addition reactions (AR) suggested that SR often occurred in the precursors owning higher H/C ratio and AR often occurred in the precursors owning higher aromaticity. Post-chlorination further caused the cleavages of NOM structures into small molecular weight compounds, removed CHON compounds and enhanced the formation of Cl-DBPs. The results provide information about NOM transformation and Cl-DBPs formation at molecular levels in the UV/chlorine AOP. 相似文献
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165.
Ruan Min Zhang Yanru Wu Xikai Sun Yutong Huang Zhongliang Li Hui Hu Zhangmao Wu Zijian Zhang Xuan Qin Xiaoli Huang Jing 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):19980-19993
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of initial particle size (IPS) on the environmental parameters and heavy metal speciation... 相似文献
166.
Ruan Shuhe Zhuang Yanhua Hong Song Zhang Liang Wang Zhen Tang Xianqiang Wen Weijia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10472-10483
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Critical periods (CPs) and critical source areas (CSAs) refer to the high-risk periods and areas of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in a watershed,... 相似文献
167.
Song Guo Minjun Peng Jifeng Ruan Wei Wan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):961-967
A serious fire and explosion accident that resulted in massive crude oil leakage and severe environmental pollution occurred on 16 July, 2010, in Dalian Port, China. To investigate the root cause of accident and conduct a wide-range investigation, desulfurizing agent JH02, which has a similar ingredient to the desulfurizing agent HD used in Dalian Port, and TS02 were employed in this study to determine the role of desulfurizing agents in the accident. The thermal behavior of crude oil, desulfurizing agents, and their mixtures was measured by using a C80 calorimeter. By using the calorimetric data, the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction, such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and self-accelerating decomposition temperature of crude oil, as well as JH02, TS02, and their mixtures, were calculated and compared. The results indicated that the direct cause of the accident was the thermal runaway initiated by the increasing instability of the crude oil–desulfurizing agent mixture. Excess pressure in the oil pipeline triggered the physical explosion, but it alone was not enough to cause a serious damage. Furthermore, a stable desulfurizing agent such as TS02 could not ensure a safe desulfurizing process. The results of this study would benefit the safety management of desulfurizing processes during production and storage. 相似文献
168.
Vanni Bucci Marin Vulić Xiaodan Ruan Ferdi L. Hellweger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(3):611-619
Bucci, Vanni, Marin Vuli?, Xiaodan Ruan, and Ferdi L. Hellweger, 2011. Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Surface Water. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):611‐619. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00528.x Abstract: Present models of the fate of enteric bacteria in surface water usually assume simple first‐order decay. However, observed decay kinetics are typically biphasic and there is increasing evidence for growth in the ambient environment. These features are similar to the stationary phase of long‐term batch cultures, where the dynamics are the result of repeated cycles of population takeovers by Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase (GASP) mutants able to scavenge nutrients released from dead cells. We investigated the possible role of this mechanism (i.e., growth of an adapted subpopulation) in surface water using laboratory experiments with various strains of Escherichia coli in different types of water. Addition of ampicillin (which only kills dividing cells) to these cultures caused a decrease in the total cell density, demonstrating the presence of a growing subpopulation. Furthermore, long‐term survivors from surface water cultures outcompete naïve cells and take over the population in surface water. This growth advantage is heritable (i.e., aged strains were isolated from a single cell) and consistent with the GASP mechanism, although the responsible loci were not identified. Our results show that E. coli populations in surface water are dynamic and consist of dying naïve cells and growing surface water adapted cells. These results can explain the apparent biphasic decay pattern observed in laboratory experiments. This mechanism may also be important in the ambient environment. 相似文献
169.
Yuanyuan Sun Guiying Li Wanjun Wang Wenquan Gu Po Keung Wong Taicheng An 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(10):69-79
There is an urgent need for developing cost-effective methods for the treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)due to its global emergence and potential risks.In this study,taking surface-defective BiOCl as an example,a strategy of surface oxygen vacancy modulation was used to promote the photocatalytic defluorination efficiency of PFOA under simulated sunlight irradiation.The defective BiOCl was fabricated by a fast microwave solvothermal method,which was found to induce more surface oxygen vacancies than conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods.As a result,the asprepared BiOCl showed significantly enhanced defluorination efficiency,which was 2.7 and33.8 times higher than that of BiOCl fabricated by conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods,respectively.Mechanistic studies indicated that the defluorination of PFOA follows a direct hole(h~+)oxidation pathway with the aid of·OH,while the oxygen vacancies not only promote charge separation but also facilitate the intimate contact between the photocatalyst surface and PFOA by coordinating with its terminal carboxylate group in a bidentate or bridging mode.This work will provide a general strategy of oxygen vacancy modulation by microwave-assisted methods for efficient photocatalytic defluorination of PFOA in the environment using sunlight as the energy source. 相似文献
170.
Inrecentyears ,inthebackgroundofstrongglobalenvironmentalchange ,naturalvariationhastheaggravatingtendencyyearbyyearinChina .Additionally ,Chinahasahigheconomicgrowthrateandagreatpopulation ;humanactivitiesinhighriskareas (likeLoessPlateau)areexacerbated ;andbearingcapabilityagainstthedisasterisgenerallyvulnerable .Becauseofthosefactorsabove ,theeconomiclossescausedbythedisastershavebeenincreasing .Therefore ,ithasbecomethescientificbasisofestablishingaregionalsustainabledevelopmenttoprobein… 相似文献