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171.
2011~2013年通过小区试验种植小白菜和萝卜,以再生水灌溉和污泥施肥,采用修正的BCR法测定了再生水、污泥、土壤、蔬菜中Zn的5种形态含量,分析Zn在再生水(污泥)-土壤-蔬菜体系中的迁移和累积特征。结果表明:2011~2013年水样中Zn含量均未超出国家《农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084—2005)》中Zn的标准。水样中水溶态B0比例较大。污泥中B0含量极少,残渣态B4含量较高。土壤中Zn的本底含量较少,经过3年的蔬菜种植和灌溉,土壤中Zn含量有增高的趋势。蔬菜中5种形态均有分布,地上部分中水溶态B0和可氧化态B3含量较高,地下部分中残渣态B4含量也较高。小白菜中Zn的含量高于萝卜。灌溉水中B0的含量对Zn在土壤和蔬菜中的迁移产生了较大影响。适当的再生水灌溉和污泥施肥可以改善土壤的缺Zn状况。 相似文献
172.
Inrecentyears ,inthebackgroundofstrongglobalenvironmentalchange ,naturalvariationhastheaggravatingtendencyyearbyyearinChina .Additionally ,Chinahasahigheconomicgrowthrateandagreatpopulation ;humanactivitiesinhighriskareas (likeLoessPlateau)areexacerbated ;andbearingcapabilityagainstthedisasterisgenerallyvulnerable .Becauseofthosefactorsabove ,theeconomiclossescausedbythedisastershavebeenincreasing .Therefore ,ithasbecomethescientificbasisofestablishingaregionalsustainabledevelopmenttoprobein… 相似文献
173.
Zhaodan Wang Guosheng Xiao Nong ZhouWenhua Qi Lin HanYu Ruan Dongqin GuoHong Zhou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,38(12):42-51
Scientifically sound methods to rapidly measure fecal indicator bacteria are important to ensure safe water for drinking and recreational purposes.A total of 200 water samples obtained from the Three Gorges Reservoir during three successive one-year study periods(October 2009 to September 2012) were analyzed using multiple-tube fermentation(MTF)and most probable numbers combined with polymerase chain reaction(MPN–PCR).The MPN–PCR method was found to be significantly more sensitive than the MTF method for detecting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.,and of equal sensitivity for detecting total coliforms when all surface water samples were grouped together.The two analytical methods had a strong,significant relationship,but MPN–PCR took only 12–18 hr,compared with the 3–8 days needed using the MTF method.Bacterial concentrations varied per sampling site but were significantly lower in the mainstream of the Yangtze River than those in the backwater areas of tributaries.The water quality of 85.8% of water samples from the mainstream was suitable for use as a centralized potable water source,while the water quality of 52.5% of water samples from the backwater areas was unsuitable for recreational activities.Relationships between fecal indicator bacteria showed significant correlation(r = 0.636–0.909,p 0.01,n = 200),while a weak but significant correlation was found between fecal indicators and water turbidity,water temperature,daily inflow,and total dissolved solids(r = 0.237–0.532,p 0.05,n = 200).The study indicated that MPN–PCR is a rapid and easily performed deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-based method for quantitative detection of viable total coliforms,E.coli,and Enterococcus spp.in surface water. 相似文献
174.
采用臭氧氧化法对生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理,考察了反应时间、臭氧投加速率、p H和温度对COD、蛋白质、色度以及生化尾水中的腐殖酸的去除效果,通过BOD/COD变化分析了臭氧氧化法对生化尾水可生化性的提高作用。结果表明:在p H 5.0,温度35℃,臭氧投加速率9.33 mg/(L·min),反应120 min的条件下,垃圾渗滤液的生化尾水中的COD、蛋白质、色度以及腐殖酸的去除率分别达到56.2%、90.5%、97.5%和93.0%,BOD/COD从0.32提升到0.56,生化性有了很大提高。 相似文献
175.
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177.
改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝特性及其应用 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文较详细地介绍了改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝机理、净水性能、质量指标、应用范畴及其注意事项,并使用珠江水对几种主要的无机高分子絮凝剂进行了性能测试,结果表明,改性聚合硫酸铁的生产成本最低,净水效果却最显著. 相似文献
178.
Yuanyuan Sun Guiying Li Wanjun Wang Wenquan Gu Po Keung Wong Taicheng An 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(10):69-79
There is an urgent need for developing cost-effective methods for the treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)due to its global emergence and potential risks.In this study,taking surface-defective BiOCl as an example,a strategy of surface oxygen vacancy modulation was used to promote the photocatalytic defluorination efficiency of PFOA under simulated sunlight irradiation.The defective BiOCl was fabricated by a fast microwave solvothermal method,which was found to induce more surface oxygen vacancies than conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods.As a result,the asprepared BiOCl showed significantly enhanced defluorination efficiency,which was 2.7 and33.8 times higher than that of BiOCl fabricated by conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods,respectively.Mechanistic studies indicated that the defluorination of PFOA follows a direct hole(h~+)oxidation pathway with the aid of·OH,while the oxygen vacancies not only promote charge separation but also facilitate the intimate contact between the photocatalyst surface and PFOA by coordinating with its terminal carboxylate group in a bidentate or bridging mode.This work will provide a general strategy of oxygen vacancy modulation by microwave-assisted methods for efficient photocatalytic defluorination of PFOA in the environment using sunlight as the energy source. 相似文献
179.
Song Guo Minjun Peng Jifeng Ruan Wei Wan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):961-967
A serious fire and explosion accident that resulted in massive crude oil leakage and severe environmental pollution occurred on 16 July, 2010, in Dalian Port, China. To investigate the root cause of accident and conduct a wide-range investigation, desulfurizing agent JH02, which has a similar ingredient to the desulfurizing agent HD used in Dalian Port, and TS02 were employed in this study to determine the role of desulfurizing agents in the accident. The thermal behavior of crude oil, desulfurizing agents, and their mixtures was measured by using a C80 calorimeter. By using the calorimetric data, the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction, such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and self-accelerating decomposition temperature of crude oil, as well as JH02, TS02, and their mixtures, were calculated and compared. The results indicated that the direct cause of the accident was the thermal runaway initiated by the increasing instability of the crude oil–desulfurizing agent mixture. Excess pressure in the oil pipeline triggered the physical explosion, but it alone was not enough to cause a serious damage. Furthermore, a stable desulfurizing agent such as TS02 could not ensure a safe desulfurizing process. The results of this study would benefit the safety management of desulfurizing processes during production and storage. 相似文献
180.