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21.
Jianli Xiao Jun Zhu Senyu Chen Weibin Ruan Curtis Miller 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):749-757
Experiments were carried out in two steps to determine the effect of anaerobically digested swine manure on soybean cyst nematode (SCN) egg control. In the first step, liquid swine manure underwent anaerobic digestion to search for the best digestion time for both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +) enrichment. The results showed that about 17 and 28 days of incubation were needed, respectively, to reach the maximal levels of VFA and NH4 + in the manure. In the second step, raw, VFA-enriched, and NH4 +-enriched manure were applied separately, at four different rates (25, 50, 100, and 200 mL/pot), to soil pots inoculated with nematode eggs in a greenhouse environment. Soil samples were collected 35 and 61 days after inoculation to determine the effect of such treated manure on SCN egg productivity. The data indicated that the SCN egg counts were inversely related to the manure application rates in a linear manner with correlation coefficients of 0.998, 0.967, and 0.900 for raw, NH4 +-enriched, and VFA-enriched manure for the 35-day samples. While no such relationships were found for the 61-day samples, implying that none of the treatments were still effective 61 days after application. At the four application rates, the VFA-enriched manure performed best in reducing SCN egg counts (by 18.1, 19.5, 34.3, and 18.6%) as compared to the raw manure treatment. In contrast, the NH4 +-enriched manure achieved mostly negative reductions. To achieve the best control of SCN egg growth, the VFA-enriched manure should be used and applied to soybean fields every 35 days. 相似文献
22.
A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio. 相似文献
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中国南方主要防火树种的防火特性及开发利用研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文采用多目标决策法对我国南方的主要防火树种进行初步筛选。在此基础上,以易燃的杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)、马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)为对照,对其代表性树种---木荷(Schimasuperba)、火力楠(Micheliamacclurei)、细柄阿丁枫(Altingiagracilipes)等的防火特性进行比较研究。结果表明,防火树种具有着火温度高、水分含量高,且析出速率快、活化能高、挥发分发热量低等特点。主成分分析表明,树叶的着火温度、含水率、水分析出速率、活化能及挥发分发热量等可作为判断树种防火性能优劣的主要指标,而苯-乙醇抽取物和粗灰分含量等可作为辅助性判断指标。文章最后提出了主要防火树种的开发利用途径和对策。 相似文献
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Huihui Han Hengfeng Miao Yajing Zhang Minfeng Lu Zhenxing Huang Wenquan Ruan Huihui Han Hengfeng Miao Yajing Zhang Minfeng Lu Zhenxing Huang Wenquan Ruan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):335-346
Disinfection byproduct(DBP)precursors in wastewater during the reversed anaerobic–anoxic–oxic(A~2/O)process,as well as their molecular weight(MW)and polarity-based fractions,were characterized with UV scanning,fluorescence excitation emission matrix,Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Their DBP formation potentials(DBPFPs)after chlorination were further tested.Results indicated that the reversed A~2/O process could not only effectively remove the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved total nitrogen in the wastewater,but also affect the MW distribution and hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of dissolved organic matter(DOM).The accumulation of low MW and hydrophobic(HPO)DOM was possibly due to the formation of soluble microbial product-like(SMP-like)matters in the reversed A~2/O treatment,especially in the anoxic and aerobic processes.Moreover,DOM in the wastewater displayed a high carbonaceous disinfection byproduct formation potential(C-DBPFP)in the fractions of MW100 k Da and MW5 k Da,and revealed an increasing tendency of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation potential(N-DBPFP)with decrease of MW.For polarity-based fractions,the HPO fraction of wastewater showed significantly higher C-DBPFP and N-DBPFP than hydrophilic and transphilic fractions.Therefore,although the reversed A~2/O process could remove most DBP precursors by DOC reduction,it led to the enhancement of DBPFP with the formation and accumulation of low MW and HPO DOM.In addition,strong correlations between C-DBPFPs and SUVA,and between N-DBPFPs and DON/DOC,were observed in the wastewater,which might be helpful for DBPFP prediction in wastewater and reclaimed water chlorination. 相似文献
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CuFe-SSZ-13 catalyst showed excellent performance in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) for diesel engine exhaust purification. To investigate the effect of preparation methods on NH3-SCR performance, Fe was loaded into one-pot synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts through solid-state ion-exchange (SSIE), homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) and liquid ion-exchange (IE), respectively. Three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts showed similar SO2 resistance, which was better than that of Cu-SSZ-13. The improvement was attributed to the protection of Fe species. Hydrothermal stability of three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts was significantly different, which was attributed to the state of active species caused by different preparation methods. Compared with the other two catalysts, more active species existed inside the zeolite pores of CuFe-SSZ-13SSIE. During hydrothermal aging, the aggregation of these active species in the pores caused the collapse of catalyst structure, ultimately leading to the deactivation of CuFe-SSZ-13SSIE. In contrast, Fe species was dispersed better on the surface over CuFe-SSZ-13IE, enhancing the hydrothermal stability of catalysts. Consequently, Fe loading effectively improved the resistance of SO2 and H2O over Cu-SSZ-13. For CuFe-SSZ-13, large amounts of active species located inside the zeolite pores are not beneficial for the hydrothermal stability. 相似文献
27.
Tao Wang Zhenxing Huang Wenquan Ruan Mingxing Zhao Youlian Shao Hengfeng Miao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(2):227-234
In this study, a full-scale internal circulation(IC) reactor coupled with an external circulation system was developed to treat high-strength leachate from a municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration plant, in which anaerobic sludge granulation was intensively investigated. Results showed that the IC reactor achieved excellent treatment performance under high organic loading rates(OLR) of 21.06–25.16 kg chemical oxygen demand(COD)/(m3? day). The COD removal efficiency and biogas yield respectively reached 89.4%–93.4% and 0.42–0.50 m3/kg COD.The formation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) was closely associated with sludge granulation. Protein was the dominant component in sludge EPS, and its content was remarkably increased from 21.6 to 99.7 mg/g Volatile Suspended Solid(VSS) during the reactor operation. The sludge Zeta potential and hydrophobicity positively correlated with the protein/polysaccharide ratio in EPS, and they were respectively increased from-26.2 m V and 30.35% to-10.6 m V and 78.67%, which was beneficial to microbial aggregation. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis further indicated the importance of protein-like EPS substances in the sludge granulation. Moreover, it was also found that the secondary structures of EPS proteins varied during the reactor operation. 相似文献
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在210Pb计年的基础上,运用水生生物遗存、色素、有机碳同位素和磁化率分析了东湖钻孔沉积物中的生物与环境信息,重建了东湖100多年来湖泊营养与环境演化历史.研究发现东湖100多年来在人类活动不断增强的背景下,指示重金属污染的磁化率和指示湖泊富营养化的色素指标如蓝藻叶黄素(Myx)、颤藻黄素(Osc)快速上升,相应的水生生物如介形虫、腹足类、水生高等植物等表现明显的组合和变化阶段,同时有机碳同位素偏正与湖泊生产力升高和藻类繁盛有关.沉积记录表明东湖生态系统近代发生了深刻变化,湖泊营养演化自早至晚呈现四阶段性:贫营养阶段(1900-1966AD)色素水平低、拥有较丰富的水生高等植物和腹足类;中营养阶段(1966-1983AD)色素含量增高、水生高等植物和腹足类减少;富营养化阶段(1983-1989AD)色素含量快速增高、水生高等植物消失;超富营养化阶段(1989AD-至今)色素含量稳定居高、某些耐污染的介形类较繁盛.结果对于认识湖泊生态环境演化与人类活动的关系、以及如何治理湖泊环境具有现实的意义. 相似文献
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