泰州市冬季空气质量变化特征

为了解泰州市冬季空气质量变化特征,于2013年12月27日—2014年1月7日对NO2,SO2,O3,CO,PM10和PM2.5进行了监测,结合地面气象资料和HYSPLIT轨迹模式分析了污染物的来源与传输过程。结果表明,观测期间AQI优良率仅为25%,PM10和PM2.5日均值超标率分别为58.3%,75.0%;有机碳是泰州市ρ(PM2.5)中最高的化学组分,其次是富钾和元素碳。PM2.5主要来源为汽车尾气、工业源、燃煤,分别占来源比例21.76%,16.52%,15.54%。局地污染源和不利气象条件是造成大气污染的主要原因。     

江苏省12大湖泊水环境现状与污染控制建议

江苏面积大于50km^2的12个湖泊的水质恶化、面积减少、富营养化、湖泊生态系统退化与湖泊受TP、TN的污染和围湖造田等有关。经济快速发展,第二产业结构偏重,排放污染的总量超过湖泊承载力,湖泊底泥释放N、P及入糊河流携带污染物为造成湖泊环境问题的根本原因。建议调整产业结构,执行严格的排放标准,围绕重点区域、重点行业、重点企业和重点污染源治理,由控制COD为主转为控制COD和N、P并重,引水调控水质,建立湖泊资源数据库和生态系统信息网络,开展湖泊污染物来源分析和富营养化机理研究,开展跨界区域统筹对湖泊综合治理。     

Seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and air of Dalian areas, China: an assessment of soil-air exchange

The seasonal variations of concentrations of PAHs in the soil and the air were measured in urban and rural region of Dalian, China in 2007. In soil, mean concentrations of all PAHs in summer were larger than those in winter, whereas the concentrations of heavier weight PAHs in winter were larger than those in summer. Winter/summer concentration ratios for individual PAHs (R(W/S)) increased with the increase of molecular weight of PAHs in soil, indicating that PAHs with high molecular weight were more easily deposited to soil in winter than summer. In air, mean concentrations of all PAHs in winter were larger than those in summer. In comparison with the R(W/S) in soil, all the values of R(W/S) in air were larger than one indicating that the entire individual PAH concentrations in winter were larger than those in summer. The average concentration composition for each PAH compound in soil and air samples was determined and the seasonal change of PAH profile was very small. It was suggested that PAHs in soils and air had the same or similar sources both in winter and summer. The approach to the soil-air equilibrium was assessed by calculating fugacity quotients between soil and air using the soil and air concentrations. The calculated soil-air fugacity quotients indicated that soil acted as a secondary source to the atmosphere for all lighter weight PAHs (two-three rings) and it will continue to be a sink for heavier weight PAHs (five-six rings) in the Dalian environment, both in winter and summer. Medium weight PAHs (four-five rings) were close to the soil-air equilibrium and the tendency shifted between soil and air when season or function region changed. The fugacity quotients of PAHs in summer (mean temperature 298 K) were larger than those in winter (mean temperature 273 K), indicating a higher tendency in summer than winter for PAHs to move from soil to air. The variation of ambient conditions such as temperature, rainfall, etc. can influence the movement of PAHs between soil and air. Most of the fugacity quotients of PAHs for the urban sites were larger than that for the rural site both in winter and summer. This phenomenon may be related with that the temperatures in urban sites were higher than those in the rural site because of the urban heat island effect.     

关于现代中国安全生产管理体系研究：管理、法规、文化

对我国安全生产管理的宏观及微观形势分析，论证了安全生产与国民经济的关系。特别指出从根本上遏制新的事故高峰，关键应强化“大安全观”的安全生产管理体系建设与实践。研究向市场经济转换过程中的中国安全减灾业的发展及管理思路，重点探索了体系化管理、安全文化及安全生产法的主题。     

风险学与安全减灾─—从参加“风险科学与管理”国际研讨会谈起

阐述建立风险学的重要性，探讨了开展安全减灾风险评价与管理的关键问题。概要介绍国内外风险水平的表征、识别方法及指标体系，并提出风险管理的基本原则。引入风险地图、危机管理、风险数学、应急与预警等现代概念及方法，基本反映了在瑞典召开的“新区开发中的风险科学与管理”国际会议的内容。     

采用两级物化法去除黄磷废水中的氟化物

采用向含氟废水中加入适量石灰和聚合氯化铝，然后投加适量钙盐、磷酸和聚丙烯酰胺的二级处理工艺除氟，通过控制合适的pH、钙盐和磷酸的投加量、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度和絮凝剂的投加量，可使黄磷废水中氟的质量浓度降至5mg/L，氟的去除率达到99％以上，出水中氟的质量浓度达到GB8978－1996一级排放标准。     

21世纪中国西部矿产资源开发的战略思考

作为全国资源的富集区,西部矿业开发要在21世纪地区经济发展中作出应有的贡献,不仅需要一个长期的开发过程,而且更需要一个明智而有效的发展战略,从西部地区资源、环境、区位条件及长期实践出发,认真把握未来市场变化、积极推动精品为先发展,努力调整地区产品结构和合理组织空间生产应成为21世纪西部矿产资源开发战略的四项基本内容,上述战略的实施不仅有束于资源的保障、中央政府的认呆和资金与技术的支持,而且有赖于整个社会环保意识的加强。     

城市灾害学研究及科学建议

无论从哪个角度来看,２０世纪都是历史发展最快,发生事件最多的一个世纪。城市由于是对时代脉搏最敏感空间地域,所以,时时处处反映出时代的特点。城市灾害作为现代及未来灾害的集中反映,越来越成为严峻的话题。无论承认与否,城市化发展进程中将始终伴随着灾情。笔者认为,惟有直面灾情,全面关注城市灾害及其在中国减灾中的地位与作用,才有希望走向未来,并创造城市安全“时空”。     

加拿大生态旅游可持续发展实践的启示

本文在介绍加拿大开发生态旅游模式和经验的基础上，对我国生态旅游的发展提出了转变开发模式，科学测定旅游环境生态承载力，建立以政府为主导的旅游机构等具体建议。     

徐州红色旅游资源开发探讨

市场调查与分析显示,红色旅游资源在徐州市旅游资源开发中占据重要地位。徐州红色旅游资源的开发必须坚持高标准与高质量建设、区域合作、政府投资和市场化运作相结合、旅游产品活化四大原则。在徐州红色旅游资源开发战略举措上,建议采取坚持打造精品、加大宣传促销力度和整合徐州文化旅游资源、适时建设“军事文化大观园”三大战略举措。