微纳米曝气对水库沉积物细菌及磷功能菌群落的影响

为探究微纳米曝气对水库沉积物细菌及磷功能菌群落的影响,以三明市东牙溪水库为研究对象,通过Illumina高通量测序,分析了曝气前后沉积物细菌、聚磷菌与有机解磷菌的群落组成、结构及其与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,微纳米曝气对底部产生充氧作用,进而对沉积物微生物的群落造成一定影响,微纳米曝气后,变形菌门(Proteobac...     

Enantioselective effects of imazethapyr residues on Arabidopsis thaliana metabolic profile and phyllosphere microbial communities

Imazethapyr (IM) is a widely used acetolactate synthase-inhibiting chiral herbicide. It has long-term residuals that may be absorbed by the human body through the edible parts of plants, such as vegetable leaves or fruits. Here, we selected a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to determine the effects of R-IM and S-IM on its leaf structure, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolites, as well as the structures of microorganisms in the phyllosphere, after 7 days of exposure. Our results indicated enantiomeric differences in plant growth between R-IM and S-IM; 133 µg/kg R-IM showed heavier inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency and greater changes to subcellular structure than S-IM. R-IM and S-IM also had different effects on metabolism and leaf microorganisms. S-IM mainly increased lipid compounds and decreased amino acids, while R-IM increased sugar accumulation. The relative abundance of Moraxellaceae human pathogenic bacteria was increased by R-IM treatment, indicating that R-IM treatment may increase leaf surface pathogenic bacteria. Our research provides a new perspective for evaluating the harmfulness of pesticide residues in soil, phyllosphere microbiome changes via the regulation of plant metabolism, and induced pathogenic bacterial accumulation risks.     

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater towards reuse by the combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor process

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe 2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/(m 3 ·day). The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water-water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.     

UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水实验研究

通过UASB厌氧反应器对制药废水进行了实验研究。研究表明,在中温条件下,当进水CODcr浓度从1 240 mg/L提高到5 062 mg/L时,有机物去除率稳定在65.6%80.1%。过高的盐分对废水的厌氧处理过程具有明显的抑制作用,当进水电导率达到14 224μs/cm 17 300μs/cm时,有机物去除率下降了20%左右。因此,在实际工程设计中,除了考虑进水有机物浓度和容积负荷等工艺参数外,还应注意控制进水盐度。     

脉冲电晕放电降解水溶液中甲苯实验研究

采用针-板式脉冲电晕反应器对水溶液中甲苯的去除效果进行了实验研究.反应器为Φ90 mm×50 mm圆筒结构,反应器顶部均匀布有不锈钢针放电正极,反应器底部装有板接地电极.反应器上部空间为气体.放电针头与液面的距离为18 mm.实验结果表明水溶液中甲苯的去除率随脉冲峰值电压升高而增大;实验发现在气相为氩气氛围下甲苯的去除效果要好于在氮气和空气氛围下.放置一段时间达到气液平衡后再进行电晕放电,有利于提高甲苯的去除效率.对反应后的水溶液进行测定,检测到有苯甲醛等有机物生成,在水面上方的气体中检测到了CO和CO2的生成.     

聚氯乙烯与聚醚砜共混平板膜的研究

采用剪切黏度法、稀溶液黏度法对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/聚醚砜(PES)共混体系的相容性进行了研究。然后采用液-固相转化法制备了PVC/PES共混膜,并对共混膜的性能进行表征。PVC/PES共混体系为部分相容体系;稀溶液黏度测试结果和共混膜断面的电镜扫描(SEM)图表明,共混比为9/1,8/2,7/3,2/8及1/9时,共混体系是相容的。膜性能测试结果表明,PES的加入可以明显提高PVC膜的水通量、拉伸强度和韧性。通过对水通量和机械性能的比较,共混比为7/3时,膜的水通量和机械性能比较好。     

西安市新装修室内空气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征及健康效应

室内空气质量与人体健康息息相关，为了解新装修室内大气中醛酮类化合物的污染特征及健康效应，实验对西安市三个不同装修材料及不同装修风格房间的大气环境开展研究。使用2,4-二硝基苯肼硅胶提取小柱（DNPH）进行采样，并采用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）对18种醛酮类物质进行检测，研究其污染水平及特征，并根据物质的光化学反应活性，计算其臭氧生成潜势（ozone formation potential，OPF），评估其对不同年龄段人群的非致癌和致癌健康效应。研究表明：（1）18种醛酮类物质在三个新装修房间空气样品中的总含量为79.9—194.4 μg·m⁻³，高于普通室内环境中的含量。且在供暖期含量显著增加，升高了23.9%—53.3%。其中丙酮、甲醛、乙醛、正壬醛是主要的污染物，其中丁酮在Room 2中显著高于其他两个房间。（2）甲醛和乙醛的光化学活性显著高于其他物质，因而对OPF贡献较大。丙酮虽然含量显著高于其他物质，但是由于光化学活性较低，对OPF贡献不显著。（3）乙醛超过了室内安全排放标准，且在Room 2和Room 3中的非致癌风险危险熵（hazard quotient，HQ）不容忽视。终身致癌风险评估（incremental lifetime cancer risks，ILCR）显示不同人群暴露甲醛的I_LCR均大于1×10⁻⁶，存在潜在健康风险。人群暴露乙醛的I_LCR值仅青少年和老年人在Room 1中低于1×10⁻⁶。由此可见新建住房室内空气中醛酮类物质的污染所产生的健康效应不能忽视。     

Analysis of degradation and pathways of three common antihistamine drugs by NaClO,UV, and UV-NaClO methods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antihistamines (ANTs) are medicines to treat allergic diseases. They have been frequently detected in the natural water environment, posing potential...     

Study on Synthesis of Comb-Shaped Chitosan-Graft-Polyethylenimine Dithiocarbamate Material and Its Adsorption to Heavy Metal Ions

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - How to efficiently and economically remove heavy metals from sewage has been a huge challenge in the world. This article reports on an adsorbing material...