Revealing Preferences for Reductions of Public Risks: An Application of the CV Approach

In this paper the contingent valuation method (CVM) is applied to public risk reduction. Theory suggests that the size of the stated willingness to pay (WTP) for risk reduction depends on private activities aimed at reducing the risk level for the individual. The empirical results suggest that considering private averting activities increases the explanatory power of the estimated WTP function significantly. Thus, WTP passes the scope test which proposes that larger reductions from a larger baseline risk should be valued higher than lower risk reductions from a lower baseline risk. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the follow-up response format induces anchoring effects.     

Die Wirkung von Sprengstoffen in Böden einer militärischen Altlast auf die Populationsentwicklung vonFolsomia candida (Willem 1902) (Collembola, Insecta)

The influence of explosive wastes in soil on the reproduction of the springtailFolsomia candida (Willem 1902) (insects of the Order Collembola) was investigated in a standard test according to ISO-Draft-Guideline 11268-2. In the test, we used soils with 3 different contamination levels from an area used for different military purposes (in Hallschlag, Germany), especially for explosive operations, since the beginning of the century. We found different and heterogenous mixtures of contaminants in the soils (primarily TNT and DNT) which resulted in a high mortality rate among the adult insects and in a dramatic reduction in the reproductive potential of the Collembola. In the mixture of contaminants with the highest contamination levels, the total extinction of exposed Collembola was observed as a result of the death of adult insects.     

Teil V: Das Umweltinformationssystem der Universität Osnabrück

The basis for the first energy and flow analysis of the University of Osnabrück and the resulting ecobalance was an extensive data collection, preparation and processing. To simplify drawing up the balance in the following years and to facilitate an eco-controlling based on this data, a concept for a University’s Environmental Information System (EIS) was developed. It consists of three parts: the operative level includes the data bases of the individual administrative departments; at the central data base level, the ecobalance and the environmental characteristic values are computed; and the processing and presentational level serves as an interface between the data and users. The implementation of the EIS is intended within the framework of the general Management Information System, the development of which was started in 1998.