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211.
Werner Hartmann 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1942,30(46-47):712-712
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Werner Kuhn 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1942,30(46-47):689-696
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To assess whether nitrogen (N) content and δ15N ratios in nitrophytic lichen species (Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. (1860) and Physcia spp. (Schreb.) Michaux (1803)) reflect the quantity and quality of atmospheric N loads, 348 lichen samples from 174 sampling grid cells were investigated in the western part of Germany. The analysed lichen N content ranged between 0.98 and 4.28 % and δ15N ratios between ?15.2 and ?1.3?‰. Based on the N concentrations and the δ15N ratios of lichens, different landscape categories and coupled N deposition rates could be inferred for different regions of Germany. By analysing environmental variables like altitude, ammonia emission density, livestock unit and different defined deposition types, a direct relationship was found between lichen chemistry and N compounds produced from agricultural activity. The results support the development of a monitoring method which could be used nationally or even internationally to support current N deposition measurements, by providing reliable information on the quantity and quality of N deposition in high N environments. 相似文献
219.
Mia Landauer Sirkku Juhola Johannes Klein 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(5):741-765
By using a scale framework, we examine how cross-scale interactions influence the implementation of climate adaptation and mitigation actions in different urban sectors. Based on stakeholder interviews and content analysis of strategies and projects relevant to climate adaptation and mitigation in the cities of Copenhagen and Helsinki, we present empirical examples of synergies, conflicts and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation that are driven by the cross-scale interactions. These examples show that jurisdictional and institutional scales shape the implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies, projects and tasks at the management scale, creating benefits of integrated solutions, but also challenges. Investigating the linkages between adaptation and mitigation through a scale framework provides new knowledge for urban climate change planning and decision-making. The results increase the understanding of why adaptation and mitigation are sometimes handled as two separate policy areas and also why attempts to integrate the two policies may fail. 相似文献
220.
Seidel B Alm M Peters R Kördel W Schäffer A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):125-130
Background Due to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), specified risk material (SRM) as well as animal meat and bone meal (MBM)
are banned from the food and feed chain because of a possible infection with pathogenic prions (PrPSc). Nowadays, prions are
widely accepted to be responsible for TSE(transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)-caused illnesses like BSE and scrapie,
and especially for the occurrence of the new variant of CJD in humans. Presently, SRM and MBM are burnt under high temperatures
to avoid any hazards for humans, animals or the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate a method using animal fat
separated from Category I material which includes SRM and the carcasses of TSE-infected animals, or animals suspected of being
infected with TSE, as a source for producing biodiesel by transesterification, analogous to the biodiesel process using vegetable
oil.
Methods For this purpose, animal fat was spiked with scrapie-infected hamster brain equivalents – as representative for a TSE-infected
animal – and the biodiesel manufacturing process was downscaled and performed under lab-scale conditions.
Results and Discussion The results analysed by Western blotting showed clearly that almost each single step of the process leads to a significant
reduction of the concentration of the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) in the main and side-products.
Conclusion The data revealed that the biodiesel production, even from material with a high concentration of pathogenic prions, can be
considered as safe.
Recommendations and Outlook The obtained results indicated that biodiesel produced from prion-contaminated fat was safe under the tested process conditions.
However, it has to be pointed out that the results cannot be generalized because a different process control using other conditions
may lead to different results and then has to be analysed independently. It is clear that the production of biodiesel from
high risk material represents a more economic usage than the combustion of such material. 相似文献