Circadian rhythmicity of locomotor behavior and oviposition in female Teleogryllus commodus

Summary Locomotor activity of the Teleogryllus commodus is under circadian control, with _LL=25.3 h and _DD=23.4 h. In LD 12:12 h, running occurs either exclusively during darkness (57%), mainly in the dark phase (35%), or with substantial activity peaks in both phases (8%). For oviposition, _LL>24 h and _DD<24 h; in LD 12:12 h, 80% of the studied deposited their eggs mainly during the light phase and 20% primarily during darkness. In the discussion, a temporal correlation between stridulation, spermatophore formation, and locomotion, and oviposition is established, which serves to make an encounter and mating between the sexes as likely as possible.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. M. Gersch on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Contributions to ecological chemistry CVII1. Fate of lindane-14C in lettuce, endives and soil under outdoor conditions.

In seven successive outdoor experiments, lindane-14C was applied to lettuce or endive leaves as an aqueous formulation (about 12 mg on 20 plants for each experiment). The growing periods varied between 21 and 37 days. After this time, between 4.5% and 13.9% of the applied radiocarbon was recovered from the plants. Conversion rates to soluble metabolites as well as to unextractable residues appeared to be dependent on weather conditions. During the summer months, the radiocarbon in plants consisted of 36% soluble metabolites and of 30% unextractable residues (average of 4 experiments); in autumn, the conversion rates were much lower. The following metabolites were identified in both plant species by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: a polar group (a free trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, conjugates of the latter two compounds, and unidentified water-soluble products) amounting to 35% of the radioactivity in plants cultivated in summer, and a nonpolar group (a dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5, and/or 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene) amounting to 1% of the radioactivity in plants cultivated in summer. The 20 cm top-soil layer had about 14% of the total radioactivity applied to all plants. Six % of the radioactivity recovered from the soil was soluble metabolites and about 50% was not extractable. The soluble metabolites comprised a polar group (free and conjugated 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, and unidentified water soluble products) amounting to 5% of the radioactivity in the soil as well as a nonpolar group (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5 and/or 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene) amounting to 1% of the radioactivity in the soil.     

Über die Farbstoffe der schwarzen Holunderbeere

The Science of Nature -