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991.
James H. Turner 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1182-1187
It has been amply demonstrated that there are reasons for improving the collection of fine participates. Some areas of research and development which may prove fruitful in extending fabric filter capabilities have been suggested. 相似文献
992.
William C. Zegel Thomas Lachajczyk 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):821-824
Potential benefits of a continuous monitoring program are presented in the form of questions that can be asked in connection with the information gained from the program. These questions are: 1. Are there process problems of which we are unaware? 2. Will this information be useful in the design of the next plant? 3. Can the information be used for improved process control? 4. Are we losing valuable material? 5. Can we use this information to modify our process for reduced pollution? 相似文献
993.
William N. Stasiuk Jr. Peter E. Coffey 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):564-568
High ozone concentrations, often in excess of the national ambient air quality standard for photochemical oxidants, have been measured simultaneously in urban and rural areas of New York State. Average daily rural ozone concentrations were found to correlate well with daily maximum urban ozone concentrations suggesting a common source. Estimations of the quantity of ozone advectively transported into New York State are more than an order of magnitude greater than estimations of the potential photochemical generation of ozone from hydrocarbon emissions within New York State. It is suggested thai the high rural ozone levels are not primarily due to the transport of ozone and ozone precursors from olher urban areas, but are rather due to natural phenomena such as photochemical generation from naturally occurring precursors or transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere. The effectiveness of a hydrocarbon control strategy for New York State to meet the ambient air quality standard for photochemical oxidants when background levels themselves may be above the standard is questioned. 相似文献
994.
Charles E. Billings Anthony M. Sacco Wayne R. Matson Reginald M. Griffin William R. Coniglio Robert A. Harley 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):773-777
This paper presents results of a survey of mercury concentrations in coal, ash, water, fly ash, and flue gas discharges from a 5.5 × 106 Ib/hr steam generator serving a 775 MW (net) turbine-generator set. Representative composite or grab samples were obtained for inlet coal and outlet ash and water. Stack samples were obtained for fly ash and mercury vapor emissions while the unit was operated at 660 MW (net) (85% of full load). Samples were analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry, plasma emission spectroscopy, and neutron activation analysis to determine mercury concentration entering the furnace in the coal and leaving the furnace in the flue gas, fly ash, bottom and hopper ash, and water. Method inter-comparisons are discussed. A material balance for mercury has been calculated from fuel, ash, and stack gas flow rates. About 90% of the mercury in the coal is released and appears as vapor discharged in the stack gas while 10% remains in the residual ash. For a 700 MW (net) unit, about 5 lb/day of mercury vapor is released to the atmosphere. 相似文献
995.
Mary K. Stinson Herbert S. Skovronek William D. Ellis 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):96-103
A pilot-scale soil washing process, patented by BioTrol, Inc., was demonstrated on soil contaminated by wood treating waste, primarily pentachlorophenol (PCP) and creosote-derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although soil washing was the main object of this demonstration, the treatment train that was evaluated included two other BioTrol technologies for treatment of waste streams from the soil washer. The three technologies were: ? The BioTrol Soil Washer (BSW)—a volume reduction process, which uses water to separate contaminated soil fractions from the bulk of the soil. ? The BioTrol Aqueous Treatment System (BATS)—a biological water treatment process. ? The Slurry Bioreactor (SBR)—a BioTrol biological slurry treatment process conducted in an EIMCO BIOLIFTtm reactor. The sandy soil at the site, consisting of less than 10 percent of fines, was well suited for treatment by soil washing. The soil washer was evaluated in two tests on soil samples containing 130 ppm and 680 ppm of PCP, respectively. The BSW successfully separated the feed soil (dry weight basis) into 83 percent of washed soil, 10 percent of woody residues, and 7 percent of fines. The washed soil retained about 10 percent of the feed soil contamination while 90 percent of the feed soil contamination was contained within the woody residues, fines, and process water. The soil washer achieved up to 89 percent removal of PCP and 88 percent of total PAHs, based on the difference between their levels in the as-is (wet) feed soil and the washed soil. PCP concentrations of 14 ppm and 87ppm in the washed soil were achieved from PCP concentrations of 130 ppm and 680ppm in the feed soil. Concentrations of total PAHs were reduced from 247 ppm to 42 ppm and 404 ppm to 48 ppm, respectively, in the two tests. The BATS degraded up to 94 percent of PCP in the process water from soil washing. PAH removal could not be determined due to low influent concentrations. The SBR achieved over 90 percent removals of PCP and 70 to 90 percent removals of PAHs from the slurry of contaminated fines from soil washing. However, steady state operation was not achieved during the single test and the results were variable. Cost of a commercial-scale soil washing, assuming use of all three technologies, was estimated to be $168 per ton of soil treated. Incineration of woody material accounts for 76 percent of the cost. 相似文献
996.
John Wooley William W. Nazaroff Alfred T. Hodgson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1114-1120
Liquid laundry and hand dish washing detergents contain volatile organic compounds, Including ethanol, that may be liberated during use and contribute to photochemical air pollution. In this study, the release of ethanol to the atmosphere during simulated household use of liquid detergents was measured. Three replicate experiments, plus a blank, were conducted In a 20-m3 environmental chamber for each of four conditions: “typical” dish washing (DT), “high-release” dish washing (DH), “typical” laundry (LT), and “high-release” laundry (LH). Average amounts of ethanol transferred to the atmosphere per use (and the fraction of ethanol used so liberated) were 32 mg (0.038) for DT, 100 mg (0.049) for DH, 18 mg (0.002) for LT, and 110 mg (0.011) for LH. Thus, a large fraction of the ethanol added to wash solutions with liquid detergents is discharged to the sewer rather than transferred to the atmosphere during use. 相似文献
997.
William F. Jaynes Stephen A. Boyd 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1649-1653
Homoionic trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA)- and tetramethylammonium (TMA)-clays were prepared by Ion-exchange reactions using two smectite clays that differed in their cation exchange capacities and surface charge densities. These clays are referred to as a low-charge (SAC) and high-charge (SWa)-smectite. The organo-clays were evaluated as adsorbents of water soluble aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, butylbenzene, and naphthalene. All of the aromatic hydrocarbons tested were effectively removed from water by the low-charge TMPA-smectite. The low-charge TMA-smectite was an effective adsorbent for benzene but was ineffective in the removal of the alkylbenzenes and naphthalene from water. The effect of surface charge on the adsorption properties of TMPA-smectite was pronounced. The uptake of benzene and toluene by the high-charge TMPA-smectite was greatly reduced as compared to the low-charge TMPAsmectite. These results suggest the utility of TMPA-smectite as a liner material for petroleum storage containers and waste disposal reservoirs. The use of TMPA-smectite in conjunction with Na-smectite would provide a barrier with the ability to impede the flow of water and to effectively adsorb dissolved organic contaminants. 相似文献
998.
Brady D. Lee William A. Apel Amber R. Miller 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1068-1074
ABSTRACT Research was performed to demonstrate the removal of carbon tetrachloride (CT) using compost biofilters operated under methanogenic conditions. Biofilters were operated at an empty-bed residence time of 2.8 minutes using nitrogen as the atmosphere. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were supplied as an electron donor and carbon source, respectively, during acclimation of the bed medium microbes. Once methanogenesis was demonstrated, CT flow to the biofilter was established. Biofilters were operated over a CT concentration range from 20 to 700 ppbv for 6 months. Bed medium microbes were able to remove up to 75% of the inlet CT. At excessively high CT concentrations (>500 ppmv), methane production and hydrogen utilization by the bed medium microbes appeared to be inhibited. CT removal by the biofilter decreased when the hydrogen supply was removed from the biofilter inlet, indicating that hydrogen acted as the electron donor for reductive dechlorination. The removal efficiency and relatively low empty bed residence times demonstrated by these laboratory-scale biofilters indicate that anaerobic biofiltration of CT may be a feasible full-scale process. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Barbara E. Smith William J. Adamski 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1204-1206
ABSTRACT Temperature-adjusted trends in 1-hr and 8-hr ozone averages were calculated for ten sites near Lake Michigan for 1980-1995. Results show that ozone trends declined similarly according to both metrics for sites on the west side of the lake. This suggests that the factors underlying the trends were similar. These factors include, among others, ozone control programs designed to address the 1-hr standard. Thus, these control programs may have been similarly effective in moving these sites toward compliance with the 8-hr standard. 相似文献