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171.
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Crini Grégorio Lichtfouse Eric Wilson Lee D. Morin-Crini Nadia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):195-213
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The removal of contaminants from wastewaters is a major challenge in the field of water pollution. Among numerous techniques available for contaminant removal,... 相似文献
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D L Hughes D J Ritter R D Wilson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2001,36(6):755-764
Method development and validation studies have been completed on an assay that will allow the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in human urine. The accurate determination of 2,4-D in urine is an important factor in monitoring worker and population exposure. These studies successfully validated a method for the detection of 2,4-D in urine at a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 5.00 ppb (parts per billion) using gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC/MSD). The first study involved the determination of 2,4-D in control human urine and urine samples fortified with 2,4-D. Due to chromatographic interference, a second study was conducted using 14C-2,4-D to verify the recoverability of 2,4-D from human urine at low levels using the GC/MSD method. The second study supports the results of the original data. The 2,4-D was extracted from human urine using a procedure involving hydrolysis using potassium hydroxide, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction into methylene chloride. The extracted samples were derivatized with diazomethane. The methylated fraction was analyzed by GC/MSD. Quantitation was made by comparison to methylated reference standards of 2,4-D. Aliquots fortified at 5-, 50-, and 500-ppb levels were analyzed. The overall mean recovery for all fortified samples was 90.3% with a relative standard deviation of 14.31%. 相似文献
176.
Heather Elizabeth Braid Jonathan Deeds Stacey Lea DeGrasse John James Wilson Josephine Osborne Robert Harland Hanner 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):25-31
In fall of 2009, several mass strandings of Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) occurred on Vancouver Island (49°7′60N 125°54′0W). Morphological dissections coupled with DNA barcoding of stomach contents
revealed Sardinops sagax (Pacific sardine) and Clupea pallasii (Pacific herring) as their primary prey. Plastic nurdles, fishing line, bull kelp, eelgrass, and a guillemot feather were
also discovered. The primary prey, Pacific sardines and Pacific herring, are known to bioaccumulate paralytic shellfish toxins
(PSTs); additionally, both PSTs and domoic acid (DA) have been implicated in other mass strandings. Therefore, stomach contents,
and other tissues when possible, were tested for PSTs and DA. Testing revealed DA concentrations below regulatory guidance
levels for human consumption, yet PSTs were well in excess. Though we cannot conclude that PSTs were the definitive cause
of the strandings, our findings are the first report of PSTs in D. gigas. 相似文献
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Stephan G. Custer Phillip Fames John P Wilson Robert D. Snyder 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(2):393-405
ABSTRACT: Average annual precipitation for the period 1961–1990 was estimated for a mountainous region in Montana with a Laplacian thin-plate spline (ANUSPLIN) and compared to a hand-drawn map. Input data included latitude, longitude, and elevation from a three-arc-second U.S. Geological Survey Digital Elevation Model of the Bozeman and Billings 1 × 2 topographic quadrangles and precipitation data at 96 stations. The two maps are similar in appearance. Digital comparison of the two maps with ARC/INFO's Grid tools shows that mean annual precipitation for the hand-contoured map is 22.9 inches and for the ANUSPLIN map is 23.7 inches. Of the 5,760,000 cells, 53 percent showed no difference between ANUSPLIN and hand-drawn maps; 19 percent showed a two-inch difference, and 28 percent showed more than 2 inches difference. Input data and model output at the same location are not different (standard deviation 1.77, p-value 0.76). Hand-drawn maps show two inches more precipitation during the 1961–90 period than during the 1941–1970 period. Similarly, measured data at 73 sites for the period 1961–1990 are on average 2.4 inches higher than the same stations during the 1941–1970 period. The difference is significant (p-value > 0.0001). 相似文献
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Richard A. Brown Robert E. Hinchee Robert D. Norris John T. Wilson 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1996,6(3):95-109
The bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons has evolved into a number of different processes. These processes include in-situ aquifer bioremediation, bioventing, biosparging, passive bioremediation with oxygen release compounds, and intrinsic bioremediation. Although often viewed as competing technologies, these processes actually form a continuum of biodegradation processes governed primarily by the interplay between oxygen or electron acceptor and carbon availability. Generally, as more carbon needs to be removed per unit time, more oxygen needs to be supplied. As the carbon availability or desired removal rate decreases, so does the electron acceptor requirement. By understanding this continuum approach, bioremediation can be applied as a flexible, variable-speed technology, where the effort can be increased or decreased through oxygen supply. This article discusses the carbon-oxygen demands of each process and the interplay between processes, and then provides operating guidelines for configuring bioremediation systems for maximum flexibility. 相似文献
180.
Industry and regulatory demands for rapid and cost-effective clean up of hydrocarbon and other contamination in soil and groundwater has prompted development and improvement of in-situ remediation technologies. In-situ technologies offer many advantages over ex-situ treatment alternatives, including lower initial capital and long-term operation and maintenance costs, less site disruption, no Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) liability, and shorter treatment time necessary to achieve cleanup objectives. Fenton's reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron that generates a hydroxyl free radical as an oxidizing agent, is widely accepted for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in the wastewater industry. In-situ implementation of Fenton's reagent for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater continues to grow in acceptance and application to a wide variety of environmental contaminants and hydrogeologic conditions (EPA, 1998). 相似文献