全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3914篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 79篇 |
废物处理 | 173篇 |
环保管理 | 374篇 |
综合类 | 651篇 |
基础理论 | 1328篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 903篇 |
评价与监测 | 232篇 |
社会与环境 | 218篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 134篇 |
2017年 | 134篇 |
2016年 | 199篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 39篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 456篇 |
2011年 | 261篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 101篇 |
2008年 | 110篇 |
2007年 | 123篇 |
2006年 | 97篇 |
2005年 | 418篇 |
2004年 | 566篇 |
2003年 | 437篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 8篇 |
1965年 | 6篇 |
1962年 | 7篇 |
1961年 | 6篇 |
1960年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 9篇 |
1954年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有3963条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Vijgen J Abhilash PC Li YF Lal R Forter M Torres J Singh N Yunus M Tian C Schäffer A Weber R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(2):152-162
Purpose
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (??-, ??- and ??- (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. This article wants to briefly summarise the outcomes of the Stockholm Convention process and make an estimation of the amount of HCH waste generated and dumped in the former Lindane/HCH-producing countries.Results
In a preliminary assessment, the countries and the respective amount of HCH residues stored and deposited from Lindane production are estimated. Between 4 and 7 million tonnes of wastes of toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative residues (largely consisting of alpha- (approx. 80%) and beta-HCH) are estimated to have been produced and discarded around the globe during 60 years of Lindane production. For approximately 1.9 million tonnes, information is available regarding deposition. Countries are: Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, The Netherlands, UK, USA, and former USSR. The paper highlights the environmental relevance of deposited HCH wastes and the related POPs?? contaminated sites and provides suggestions for further steps to address the challenge of the legacy of HCH/Lindane production.Conclusion
It can be expected that most locations where HCH waste was discarded/stockpiled are not secured and that critical environmental impacts are resulting from leaching and volatilisation. As parties to the Stockholm Convention are legally required to take action to stop further POPs pollution, identification and evaluation of such sites are necessary. 相似文献63.
P. Valkering R. van der Brugge A. Offermans N. Rijkens-Klomp 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):229-241
Climate adaptation is a complex task surrounded by uncertainty. To support climate adaptation policies, a new scenario approach
is pursued to explore possible discontinuous future developments of societal perspectives on climate adaptation issues. The
scenario approach was tested for a case study on Dutch river management. In a series of scenario development workshops, a
select group of stakeholders explored the perspectives on the management of the River Meuse in the past, present, and future.
The process was supported by an analytical perspectives mapping tool to illustrate and analyze the development of perspectives
over time. The process and analytical tools contributed to insight into the drivers of perspective change for the case study
at hand. Moreover, the stakeholders highlighted the potential of the approach for water management policy for creating awareness
about the plurality of perspectives and the dynamics of perspective change, monitoring perspectives and perspective change
as part of a flexible policy approach, and anticipating on the occurrence of shock events. Further work is required to better
represent the social dynamics of perspectives change, to better empirically ground the perspective change model, and to apply
integrated water models in the scenario development process to assess water–society interactions. 相似文献
64.
The World Bank used the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to calculate changes in the world poverty level (measured in U.S. dollars)
prior to 1982. In 1983, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) replaced the CPI with several indices including CPI-W which
was then adopted by the World Bank. This caused the inflated rate of the U.S. dollars and the percentage of the world population
in poverty to be dramatically underestimated. This new incorrect procedure gives 25% (1.5 million) below the poverty line
in 2005, while the more appropriate procedure (described herein) gives 52% (3.3 million in 2005). The rapid rise of the poverty
line (using the preferable CPI) starting in 1987 occurred at nearly the same time as the peak in per capita annual cereal
production. 相似文献
65.
Synthetic detergents are among the commonly used chemicals in everyday life. Detergents, reaching aquatic environments through domestic and municipal wastewater, can cause many different effects in aquatic organisms. The present study was aimed at the toxicity evaluation of a commonly used laundry detergent, Ariel, using the freshwater flagellate Euglena gracilis as a biotest organism. Different parameters of the flagellate like motility, swimming velocity, cell shape, gravitactic orientation, photosynthesis and concentration of light harvesting pigments were used as end points for the toxicity assessment. No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and EC50 values were calculated for the end point parameters at four different incubation times, i.e. 0, 6, 24 and 72 h. After 72 h incubation, swimming velocity of the cells was found to be the most sensitive parameter giving NOEC and EC50 values of 10.8 and 34 mg L−1, respectively. After 72 h exposure to the detergent, chlorophyll a and total carotenoids were significantly decreased in cultures treated with Ariel at concentrations of 50 mg L−1 and above while chlorophyll b significantly decreased at concentrations above 750 mg L−1. The maximum inhibitory effect on the quantum yield of photosystem II was observed after 24 h exposure and thereafter a recovery trend was observed. Motility, gravitaxis and cell shape were strongly impaired immediately upon exposure to the detergent, but with increasing exposure time these parameters showed acclimatization to the stress and thus the NOEC values obtained after 72 h were higher than those immediately after exposure. 相似文献
66.
Kishor Atreya Fred H?kon Johnsen Bishal Kumar Sitaula 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(4):477-493
There is a growing concern of pesticide risks to human health, natural environment and ecosystems. Many previous economic valuations have accounted health aspects or environmental components, but rarely combined; thus, overall risk assessment is partially distorted. The study, conducted close to the capital of Nepal, addressed the health effects of pesticides on small-scale farmers and evaluated the monetary risks of pesticide use on human health and environmental resources. We also aim to establish the relationships among valuation methods. The paper adopts cost of illness, defensive expenditure and contingent valuation willingness to pay approach. The study concluded that the methods used for valuing pesticide risks to human and environmental health are theoretically consistent. The exposed individuals are likely to bear significant economic costs of exposures depending on geographical location, pesticide use magnitudes and frequency. Individuals are willing to pay between 53 and 79% more than the existing pesticide price to protect their health and environment. The integrated pest management training is less likely to reduce health costs of pesticide exposure, although it leads to higher investment in safety measures. 相似文献
67.
In industrialized countries, the idea of degrowth has emerged as a response to environmental, social, and economic crises.
Realizing environmental limits to and failures of more than half a century of continual economic growth in terms of social
progress and environmental sustainability, the degrowth paradigm calls for a downscaling of consumption and production for
social equity and ecological sustainability. The call for economic degrowth is generally considered to be delimited to rich
countries, where reduced consumption can save “ecological space” enabling people in poor countries to enjoy the benefits of
economic growth. China, as one of the economically most expanding countries in the world, has dramatically improved its living
standards, particularly along the Eastern coast, over the latest 30 years. However, China is absent from the international
debates on growth. This article discusses the implications of the Western degrowth debates for China. Given the distinctive
features of China’s development, the paper aims to enrich the degrowth debates, which have hitherto been dominated by Western
perspectives. Based upon reflections on social, environmental, and moral dimensions of economic growth, the paper argues that
limited natural resources may not continuously support universal affluence at the current level of the rich countries, a level
that China is likely to reach within a few decades. Priority for growth in China should therefore be given to the poor regions
of the country, and future growth should be beneficial to social and environmental development. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Under the project of evaluating the health status of the employees of CHEMKO factory (East Slovakia) which produced PCBs between 1955 and 1985, the level of β2-microglobulin (β2-m) was measured in the serum of 242 subjects from CHEMKO (Group A) and two control groups from much less polluted areas: 1. 277 females from a small mountainous village (Group B), 2. 179 adults from the area of a large city of Ko
ice (Group C). The level of thymidine kinase (TK) was measured in the groups A and B only. In addition, age-matched groups of 155 women each from all areas were evaluated. In both the whole group and the age-matched group from CHEMKO the level of β2-m was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that in the respective control groups, while no difference was found in the level of TK. In conclusion, it is suggested that the decrease of β2-m in CHEMKO employees might be related to the immunotoxic effects of organochlorines. 相似文献