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101.
Hill MJ Lesslie R Donohue R Houlder P Holloway J Smith J Ritman K 《Environmental management》2006,37(5):712-731
The purpose of this study was to help to inform policy development for the Australian rangelands, and provide a proof of concept
for application of a multi-criteria analysis approach to assessment of competing resource use at continental scale. The study
aimed to identify and locate key natural resource and agricultural production assets in the rangelands, define a number of
measures of potentially threatening processes, and use a multi-criteria approach to identify areas where threatening processes,
agricultural production problems, or valuable natural resources coincided. The analysis used 35 readily available, continental
spatial data layers at 5-km pixel resolution ranked from 1 (low) to 5 (high) under three themed groupings: natural resource
base, production base, and threatening processes. These measures were aggregated into composite indicators to define attributes
such as environmental sensitivity and total grazing pressure. The composites were then compared in a two-way analysis to explore
particular interactions between threatening processes such as pastoralism and mining, and the condition of production and
natural resource assets. These interactions were defined as “tensions” for purposes of this analysis. Example “tensions” included
the association of high grazing intensity with areas of high environmental sensitivity, indicating a risk of land degradation
under adverse climatic conditions. A summary of patterns of tension was obtained by extracting area proportions of high-tension
classes for selected Natural Heritage Trust Regions, which are a basis for Australian Government funding of improved environmental
management. The study provides a basis for further examination of trade-offs in the use of natural assets, opportunities for
improved productivity and sustainability, and social and economic implications. 相似文献
102.
Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene by Soil Sulfate-Reducing Microbes under Various Electron Donor Conditions 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Biotransformation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by soil sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated using acetate, lactate and methanol as electron donors. Results show that the effectiveness of biotransformation of PCE by soil sulfate-reducing bacterial is dependent upon the type of electron donor used. 相似文献
103.
Ingrid Elizabeth Van Putten Catherine Mary Dichmont Leo Ximenes Cabral Dutra Olivier Thébaud Roy Aijun Deng Eddie Jebreen Randall Owens Ricardo Pascual Mark Read Carolyn Thompson 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1417-1431
A wide range of goals and objectives have to be taken into account in natural resources management. Defining these objectives in operational terms, including dimensions such as sustainability, productivity, and equity, is by no means easy, especially if they must capture the diversity of community and stakeholder values. This is especially true in the coastal zone where land activities affect regional marine ecosystems. In this study, the aim was firstly to identify and hierarchically organise the goals and objectives for coastal systems, as defined by local stakeholders. Two case study areas are used within the Great Barrier Reef region being Mackay and Bowen–Burdekin. Secondly, the aim was to identify similarities between the case study results and thus develop a generic set of goals to be used as a starting point in other coastal communities. Results show that overarching high-level goals have nested sub-goals that contain a set of more detailed regional objectives. The similarities in high-level environmental, governance, and socio-economic goals suggest that regionally specific objectives can be developed based on a generic set of goals. The prominence of governance objectives reflects local stakeholder perceptions that current coastal zone management is not achieving the outcomes they feel important and that there is a need for increased community engagement and co-management. More importantly, it raises the question of how to make issues relevant for the local community and entice participation in the local management of public resources to achieve sustainable environmental, social, and economic management outcomes. 相似文献
104.
Robert C. McCrillis Randall R. Watts Sarah H. Warren 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):691-694
As part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted field emission measurement programs in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Boise, Idaho, to identify the potential mutagenic Impact of residential wood burning and motor vehicles on ambient and indoor air. These studies included the collection of emission samples from chimneys serving wood burning appliances. Parallel projects were undertaken in Instrumented woodstove test laboratories to quantify woodstove emissions during operations typical of in-house usage but under more controlled conditions. Three woodstoves were operated In test laboratories over a range of burnrates, burning eastern oak, southern yellow pine, or western white pine. Two conventional stoves were tested at an altitude of 90 m. One of the conventional stoves and a catalytic stove were tested at an altitude of 825 m. Decreasing burnrate increased total paniculate emissions from the conventional stoves while the catalytic stove's total particulate emissions were unaffected. There was no correlation of total particulate emissions with altitude whereas total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions were higher at the lower altitude. Mutagenicity of the catalytic stove emissions was higher than emissions from the conventional stove. Emissions from burning pine were more mutagenic than emissions from oak. 相似文献
105.
Historical aerial photography can be a powerful tool in environmental forensic investigations. Historical aerial photography is available for many sites from the 1930s on. It is researched and obtained from both public and private sources. Most of the photography consists of vertical stereoscopic film annotated with the date of the photomission. A current photomission can be flown using airborne GPS for precise registration of the photomosaics. The photography is scanned at a very high resolution and registered in a coordinate system using a digital stereoplotter that removes terrain distortion and allows the precise measurement of objects. The digital stereoplotter is used to produce photomosaics and to interpret environmentally significant features in the photography. The accuracy of the environmental interpretations is dependent on the skill and experience of the interpreter as well as the resolution of the photography and quality of the equipment used. The photomosaics are then registered in a geographic information system along with the interpretations of environmentally significant features. In a similar manner, historic maps are scanned and registered into the same coordinate system. The interpreted images and maps form a significant part of the expert report. A computer projection system is used to show the interpreted images at trial. 相似文献
106.
Andrea Jessen Andrew Randall Debra Reinhart Luke Daly 《Water environment research》2008,80(6):561-569
This study examined whether ferrate could meet the international standards for successful ballast water treatment, including final concentrations of less than 1 CFU/mL of Enterococci, less than 2.5 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli, and less than 1 CFU/100 mL of Vibrio cholerae. Pure cultures of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and V. cholerae, and a mixed culture of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecilis were grown in saline solution to simulate ballast water and were treated with dosages of ferrate ranging from 0.25 to 5.0 mg/L. A ferrate dose of 5 mg/L resulted in complete disinfection of all organisms tested, and smaller dosages were also very effective. Tailing was consistently observed, and the Hom's model (1972) appeared to most accurately represent the action of ferrate on these organisms. Salinity and pH did not adversely affect results, and regrowth was not a problem. Ferrate shows good potential as an effective disinfectant in the treatment of ballast water. 相似文献
107.
Research was undertaken to analyze and verify a model that can be applied to activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) systems. The model embeds a biofilm model into a multicell activated sludge model. The advantage of such a model is that it eliminates the need to run separate computations for a plant being retrofitted from activated sludge to IFAS or MBBR. The biofilm flux rates for organics, nutrients, and biomass can be computed by two methods-a semi-empirical model of the biofilm that is relatively simpler, or a diffusional model of the biofilm that is computationally intensive. Biofilm support media can be incorporated to the anoxic and aerobic cells, but not the anaerobic cells. The model can be run for steady-state and dynamic simulations. The model was able to predict the changes in nitrification and denitrification at both pilot- and full-scale facilities. The semi-empirical and diffusional models of the biofilm were both used to evaluate the biofilm flux rates for media at different locations. The biofilm diffusional model was used to compute the biofilm thickness and growth, substrate concentrations, volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration, and fraction of nitrifiers in each layer inside the biofilm. Following calibration, both models provided similar effluent results for reactor mixed liquor VSS and mixed liquor suspended solids and for the effluent organics, nitrogen forms, and phosphorus concentrations. While the semi-empirical model was quicker to run, the diffusional model provided additional information on biofilm thickness, quantity of growth in the biofilm, and substrate profiles inside the biofilm. 相似文献
108.
Temporal variation and persistence of bacteria in streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koirala SR Gentry RW Perfect E Schwartz JS Sayler GS 《Journal of environmental quality》2008,37(4):1559-1566
Better understanding of bacterial fate and transport in watersheds is necessary for improved regulatory management of impaired streams. Novel statistical time series analyses of coliform data can be a useful tool for evaluating the dynamics of temporal variation and persistence of bacteria within a watershed. For this study, daily total coliform data for the Little River in East Tennessee from 1 Oct. 2000 to 31 Dec. 2005 were evaluated using novel time series techniques. The objective of this study was to analyze the total coliform concentration data to: (i) evaluate the temporal variation of the total coliform, and (ii) determine whether the total coliform concentration data demonstrated any long-term or short-term persistence. For robust analysis and comparison, both time domain and frequency domain approaches were used for the analysis. In the time domain, an autoregressive moving average approach was used; whereas in the frequency domain, spectral analysis was applied. As expected, the analyses showed that total coliform concentrations were higher in summer months and lower in winter months. However, the more interesting results showed that the total coliform concentration exhibited short-term as well as long-term persistence ranging from about 4 wk to approximately 1 yr, respectively. Comparison of the total coliform data to hydrologic data indicated both runoff and baseflow are responsible for the persistence. 相似文献
109.
110.
The horizontal, fluorophore enhanced, rep-PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to identify potential sources of in water, nearshore sand, and sediment at two beaches in the Duluth-Superior Harbor, near Duluth, MN, and Superior, WI, during May, July, and September 2006. An animal or environmental source could be identified for 35, 29, and 30% of strains in water, sand, and sediments, respectively. Waterfowl, including Canada geese, ring-billed gulls, and mallard ducks, were the largest source of that could be identified in water (55-100%), sand (59-100%), and sediment (92-100%) at both beaches. Although ring-billed gulls were more abundant in this harbor, Canada geese were usually the dominant source of waterfowl found at these beaches. The percentage of identified from treated wastewater was always less than the percentage of originating from waterfowl. At both beaches, the percentage of in water contributed by treated wastewater was higher in May compared with July and September. The larger proportion of wastewater-derived seen in May probably reflected a smaller contribution of from geese when these birds were less abundant rather than an absolute increase in from treated wastewater. Microbial source analysis and bird census data both indicated that waterfowl were a major source of at beaches in the Duluth-Superior Harbor. These data also indicated it is risky to assume that the most abundant waterfowl species present in waterways will also be the largest source of avian-derived in water, nearshore sand, and sediments at beaches. 相似文献