The nature of the redshift and directly observed quasar statistics

The nature of the cosmic redshift is one of the most fundamental questions in modern science. Hubble's discovery of the apparent Expansion of the Universe is derived from observations on a small number of galaxies at very low redshifts. Today, quasar redshifts have a range more than 1000 times greater than those in Hubble's sample, and represent more than 100 times as many objects. A recent comprehensive compilation of published measurements provides the basis for a study indicating that quasar observations are not in good agreement with the original predictions of the Expanding Universe theory, but are well fit by the predictions of an alternative theory having fewer adjustable parameters.     

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内污泥颗粒化对固液分离效果的影响

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器在较高的COD容积负荷和水力负荷下稳定运行的关键是要有良好的固液分离,而固液分离的必要条件是污泥的沉降速度大于混合液在三相分离器的沉降区的最小断面上的向上流速。通过小型装置的试验表明,污泥的沉降速度与污泥的性状和浓度有关,使反应器内的污泥颗粒化能改善污泥沉降性、提高固液分离效果,使反应器能在相当高的COD容积负荷(20—30kgCOD/m~3·d)和水力负荷(0.8m~3/m~2·h)下稳定运行。本文叙述了厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内的污泥颗粒化过程,并简要地讨论了培养颗粒污泥的基本条件。     

SBR法运行控制工艺研究进展

SBR法是一种具有独特的优点的废水生物处理工艺，但至今还没有一套公认的运行控制工艺，本文从SBR法的启动，充水时间及反应时间的确定，模糊控制，目标控制操作等几方面对SBR工艺的运行控制做了评述，并对其今后的研究方向做了展望。     

旋流板塔及其在废气处理中的应用

简述了旋流板塔原理、结构、设计参数，并列举了该塔在ＮＯｘ、有机废气、ＨＣｌ、燃油炉烟等方面治理工程应用实例。     

考虑声散射的街道交通噪声预报模型

提出一种预报典型的两侧密集分布建筑物的城市街道交通噪声ＬＡ１０和ＬＡｅｑ声级的计算机仿真模型。模型依据一种修正的虚声源原理。它不仅考虑发生于建筑方面的镜象反射和表面吸收，而且考虑了由于墙面的粗糙性所引起的发生于有限尺寸建筑表面声散射的影响。与实测比较表明本模型可得出良好的预报结果。通过对散射强度加以变化可估计表面声散射对预报声级的影响。结果表明，即使在一个相当混响的场合，镜象反射声能对扩散反射声能     

Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

生态系统与人类福祉:工商业的机遇与挑战

工商业在两个方面与生态系统和生态系统服务相互联系：它们使用各种服务。同时促成生态系统的变化。“千年评估”发现。评估涉及的生态系统服务中。有2／3的服务功能正在退化或被人们以非持续的方式利用。这对整个世界来说具有普遍的严重后果，它将从三个主要方面影响工商业。     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

我国可持续设计及其实践的探讨

可持续设计超越了传统设计和生态设计，要求平衡经济、环境、社会３方面的发展需要，在可持续设计的基本工具产品生命周期评价尚需进一步发展的同时，建立适当的设计准则是当前发展可持续设计的可行途径。     

加热方式对垃圾热解过程中HCl析出特性影响的实验研究

在自行设计的小型外热式固定床试验台上，以垃圾中广泛存在的PVC为原料，通过改变加热方式、热解终温等参数。重点研究了快，慢两种加热方式下垃圾热解过程中HCl的析出特性，并从理论上进行了初步探讨。