福建浦城一三都澳铜金银多金属成矿带成矿地球化学研究

本文校系统地研究了成矿元素及微星元素．稀土元素和铅、硫、氢、氧同位素等成矿地球化学特征．研究结果表明，研究区内成矿物质来源是多方面的；成矿过程中的介质水在成矿主要阶段是大气降水与再平衡岩浆水的混会，在成矿晚期则主要来自大气降水；成矿是多阶段的，可依据各阶段的矿化程度来确定今后应侧重的矿种．     

大气环境质量功能体系及其评价中的系统观

应用系统理论,论证了环境质量作为一种功能体系存在的客观性,并分析了该体系的基本特点及与人类需求层次相协调的性质,从而将环境质量拓展为一种广义的概念以顺应经济、社会发展和环境科学发展的要求.进而就大气环境质量功能体系,探讨了认识和评价环境质量的一般方法以及系统科学在环境科学领域中的应用.     

甘肃省环境天然放射性水平研究

近年来,国内外在环境天然放射性水平研究方面做了一些工作.在国内,由于研究目的各有侧重,因而在布点原则等方面有所不同.在全国环境保护系统的天然放射性水平研究中,象甘肃省这种跨度大(东经92°13′—108°46′,北纬32°31′—42°57′)、地形地貌极其复杂(有沙漠、戈壁、山区、高原、草原、河谷盆地等)、海拔高度差别悬殊(有600m河     

186菌生物流化床处理甲醇废水

用三相生物流化床工艺处理甲醇废水COD_(cr)容积负荷达4.24～12.32kg/m~3·d,去除率达82.7％～93.1％;甲醇容积负荷达1.8～3.9kg/m~3·d,去除率达81.4％～98.1％。加186菌种后,甲醇的容积负荷可提高到3.02～3.36kg/m~3·d,COD_(cr)去除率可达到89.3～96.7％。     

致癌物苯并(a)芘[Benzo(a)Pyrene]对土壤--植物系统污染研究

本报告是1973—1979年研究工作的简要总结.采用野外调查、盆钵试验、放射性示踪同位素、荧光分光光度计、人工模拟控制大气污染实验与电镜扫描照相等方法,研究了在石油污水灌溉条件下,环境中致癌物苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)对水稻可食部分的影响.其结果是:①土壤表层(0—15cm)B(a)P含量在<10—500ppb范围内,污水与清水灌区栽培水稻精白米中B(a)P的含量无显著差异;②水稻各部分的B(a)P来自大气污染、水——土壤污染以及水稻本身生物合成.B(a)P在水稻体内的分配次序为:根系≥茎叶>皮壳≥籽实,水稻精白米中B(a)P含量约0.18ppb;③在自然条件下,水稻的外来B(a)P污染源主要是大气飘尘,而水——土壤是次要的.     

冬小麦生产力估算方法研究

本文在综述前人工作的基础上,对作物生产力的概念重新进行了阐述,提出作物生产力包括多层次的含义、各层次生产力代表不同的生产水平且限制因子不同,并对各层次生产力进行了定义。从大气-作物-土壤系统出发,探讨了冬小麦的生长发育及产量形成与各环境因子、能量投入之间的定量关系,采用动态模拟和统计分析相结合的方法,利用dBASEⅢ和BASIC语言,建立起了冬小麦生长发育及生产力形成的动态模拟软件,该软件可以根据不同需要对不同地区的冬小麦干物质累积、叶面积变化及土壤水分平衡进行计算,并可计算各层次的生产力。     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm^-2·day^-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

自动固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法检测环境水中苯系物的研究

对自动固相微萃取(SPME)-毛细管气相色谱法测定环境水中苯系物的方法进行了研究。通过对环境水中苯系物在不同SPME条件的优化、筛选实验，建立了苯系物的自动固相微萃取-气相色谱的检测方法，该方法简便、灵敏、快捷、可靠，分离度高，准确性好。在0．001mg／L～1．00mg／L范围内有良好的线性关系，最低检测浓度为0．1lμg／L～0．41μg／L。样品测定的相对标准偏差为1．8％～3．5％，回收率为88％～108％，精密度和准确度均较好。     

Effects of butachlor on microbial populations and enzyme activities in paddy soil

This paper reports the influences of the herbicide butachlor (n-butoxymethlchloro -2', 6'-diethylacetnilide) on microbial populations, respiration, nitrogen fixation and nitrification, and on the activities of dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxidase in paddy soil. The results showed that the number of actinomycetes declined significantly after the application of butachlor at different concentrations ranging from 5.5 microg g(-1) to 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil, while that of bacteria and fungi increased. Fungi were easily affected by butachlor compared to the bacteria. The growth of fungi was retarded by butachlor at higher concentrations. Butachlor however, stimulated the growth of anaerobic hydrolytic fermentative bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and denitrifying bacteria. The increased concentration of butachlor applied resulted in the higher number of SRB. Butachlor inhibited the growth of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria. The effect of butachlor varied on methane-producing bacteria (MPB) at different concentrations. Butachlor at the concentration of 1.0 microg g(-1) dried soil or less than this concentration accelerated the growth of MPB, while at 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil showed an inhibition. Butachlor enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase at increasing concentrations. The soil dehydrogenase showed the highest activity on the 16th day after application of 22.0 microg g(-1) dried soil of butachlor. The hydrogen peroxidase could be stimulated by butachlor. The soil respiration was depressed during the period from several days to more than 20 days, depending on concentrations of butachlor applied. Both the nitrogen fixation and nitrification were stimulated in the beginning but reduced greatly afterwards in paddy soil.     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义