高锰酸钾预氧化-缺氧/好氧生物铁法处理乙酰嘧啶废水工艺研究

采用高锰酸钾预氧化-缺氧/好氧生物铁法处理维生素B1厂乙酰嘧啶生产段实际废水,实验结果表明该组合工艺对嘧啶生产废水具有良好的处理效果:预氧化将嘧啶废水中大分子难降解乙酰嘧啶几乎全部转化为具有饱和碳氢键的小分子有机物,使乙酰嘧啶去除率达90%以上,且COD去除率在40%以上,BOD5/COD由0.17~0.23提高至0.35~0.44。通过与后续A/O生物铁工艺相结合,使COD、TN和氨氮总去除率分别达到93.3%、81.7%和78.6%,出水pH为6.6~7.5。     

生物强化处理石油污染土壤理化性质和微生物学特性的纵向分布特征

采用原位强化生物修复技术对某区块石油污染土壤进行为期16个月的生物修复,考察了处置后污染土壤理化性质、微生物学特性以及石油烃组成的纵向分布特征。实验结果表明,经过修复后各土层的石油烃去除率是表层土IN-3(50.42%)中层土IN-2(23.54%)底层土IN-1(10.51%);IN-1处于缺氧环境,存在硫酸盐还原和反硝化作用,使得土壤pH值从7.86±0.03降低至7.27±0.03,土壤总氮从2.53±0.13 g/kg降低至0.77±0.04 g/kg;厌氧菌的种群数量是IN-1(10.43±0.71×104CFU/g)IN-3(6.74±0.39×104CFU/g)IN-2(5.15±0.42×104CFU/g),放线菌数量与石油烃含量显著负相关(r=-0.989,p=0.0110.05);IN-3对饱和份和芳香份的降解率最高,分别达到了70.27%和54.52%,远高于IN-2和IN-1;模拟蒸馏结果表明,IN-3正构烷烃得到了很大程度的去除,缺氧的IN-1对正构烷烃去除得较少;厌氧菌数量与胶质和沥青质去除率之间成正相关关系,对于污染源较为分散的污染区域,采用原位生物强化修复时可以考虑引入厌氧修复。     

组合工艺处理填埋场渗滤液中溶解性有机污染物的去除特性

以采用"SBR+混凝+Fenton氧化+BAF"组合工艺处理的晚期垃圾渗滤液各级出水为研究对象,考察了HA、FA和HyI等溶解性有机物(DOM s)在各个工艺处理过程中的变化。结果表明,组合工艺COD和NH3-N去除率分别达到98.4%和99.3%;对DOM s的去除率为98.3%,其中胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和亲水性有机物(HyI)的去除率分别为98.3%、99.5%和95.7%。各处理工艺中SBR和混凝工艺对HA和HyI的去除贡献较大,Fenton氧化工艺对FA去除率较高。Fenton氧化和BAF联用,可以有效去除难降解的溶解性有机污染物,使出水达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。     

贸易开放、劳动力转移和就业

长久以来主流国际贸易模型中充分就业的假设使经济学界忽略了对贸易开放如何影响就业的分析,而哈里斯-托达罗模型则为此提供了一个可供扩展的框架.将哈里斯-托达罗模型扩展到存在贸易开放的情况后,本文发现如果一国的比较优势为制造品,贸易开放将会减少就业,这是因为制造品价格的提高会吸引更多的劳动力从农业向制造业转移,而制造业部门劳动力市场刚性的存在则阻碍了劳动需求的增加.为了研究我国改革开放以来贸易开放对就业的影响机制,并且考虑到就业的持续性,本文利用我国省际面板动态数据进行实证研究,并使用国有企业和政府部门劳动力占比度量我国劳动力市场刚性程度.实证研究结果发现当不考虑劳动市场刚性时,由于我国的比较优势是劳动密集型产品,贸易开放能增加就业;而当劳动力市场刚性较大时,劳动力转移过程反而促使贸易开放减少我国的就业,恰好验证了本文的理论分析结果.该文的政策含义则意味着政府应努力降低劳动力市场刚性以促使贸易开放增加就业.     

废纸苯酚液化物合成热固型酚醛树脂

为了提高废纸的附加值,利用废纸苯酚液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中反应,进行热固型酚醛树脂合成实验。通过正交实验确定最优化的树脂化合成工艺为:n(甲醛)∶n(废纸液化物)=2.1,n(氢氧化钠)∶n(废纸液化物)=0.5,合成温度74℃,合成时间3.0h。在此工艺条件下制备的酚醛树脂压制的胶合板达到GB/T9846—2004《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中Ⅰ类胶合板的强度要求。     

磁絮凝处理废水工艺条件的响应曲面法优化研究

以聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS)为絮凝剂、磁流体为磁种,采用磁絮凝法处理模拟废水。在正交实验基础上,利用Matlab软件进行响应曲面分析,研究磁絮凝法处理模拟废水的各因素间具有的交互作用关系。回归拟合结果表明最佳工艺条件为:PFSS加入量36.8g/L,模拟废水pH7.4,磁种加入量14.7mg/L,搅拌转速266r/min。在最佳工艺条件下进行实验,TP去除率为97.70%。     

硼氢化钠还原法回收电镀废液中的铜

采用NaBH4作为还原剂回收电镀废液中的铜。正交实验结果表明,各因素对剩余铜离子质量浓度的影响的显著性顺序为n(NaBH4)∶n(CuSO4)反应时间反应温度。最佳实验条件为:n(NaBH4)∶n(CuSO4)=1.50,反应温度30℃,反应时间25min。经该工艺可获得平均粒径为33nm的近球形立方晶系纳米铜粉,处理后废液中铜离子质量浓度低至0.2mg/L。在铜粉制备过程中加入非离子型表面活性剂可有效阻止晶粒长大,并提高其分散性能,使产物粒径均匀。采用苯骈三氮唑处理后的铜粉抗氧化能力明显提高。     

人口学特征和动机偏好双重视角的入境游客市场细分研究——西安市的实证研究

基于SPSS16.0社会科学统计软件,采用单因素方差分析法和均值比较法,从9项内驱力指标和9项吸引力指标入手,对游客性别、年龄、学历水平等人口学特征与旅游动机之间的差异关系进行了定量分析。作为实证研究,以国家自然科学基金项目组在西安市开展市场调查获取的第一手数据为依据,从人口学特征和旅游动机双重视角,细分了西安市的入境客源市场,并据此提出针对性的客源市场开发方案,旨在为入境旅游市场的开发拓展提供理论借鉴和技术支持。     

Solid phase extraction with pyrenebutyric acid-bonded silica for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A solid phase extraction (SPE) method using pyrenebutyric acid-bonded silica (PYB) as sorbent was developed to determine 23 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Factors were optimized in SPE procedures including elution solvent, pH, and cartridge burden. The recoveries of 23 PCB congeners were 69.44-111.91% under optimized conditions. Comparisons were also conducted among PYB-SPE, C(18)-SPE and United States Environmental Protection Agency 608 (USEPA608) methods in the analysis of PCBs in sewage water samples. The results showed that the performance of PYB-SPE method was similar with USEPA608 method and better than C(18)-SPE method. Both PYB-SPE and USEPA608 methods were then employed to analyze PCBs in real spiked sewage water samples. The recoveries of PCB congeners determined by PYB-SPE method ranged from 70.6% to 92.4% in real spiked sewage water samples which were identified to be in accordance with USEPA608 method. Limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.06-0.22ngL(-1) for PCB congeners. The optimized PYB-SPE method was successfully applied to the determination of PCBs in sewage water samples.     

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in adipose tissues of patients with uterine leiomyomas and the association of these pollutants with seafood diet, BMI, and age

Background, aim, and scope  

Persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals can cause diseases in women, however, the relationships of these pollutants and uterine leiomyomas (UL), which are non-cancerous tumors of the uterus, are unclear. This study focused on the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and heavy metals in subcutaneous and visceral fat obtained from patients with UL and in subcutaneous fat of a control group of women without UL to determine if there were any correlations between concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals and the incidence of UL.