雌酮在铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物体系中的光降解

以125 W高压汞灯为光源,研究了水中雌酮(E1)在铁(Ⅲ)-草酸盐体系中的光降解;考察了初始pH值、铁(Ⅲ)/草酸盐配比、E1初始浓度对E1光降解的影响.结果表明,铁(Ⅲ)/草酸盐体系能引发E1的光降解.在pH=3.5,Fe(Ⅲ)/Ox配比为10/120μmol/L时,2 mg/L E1光照160 min可以降解59%.在pH 3～6范围内,pH为3～4时E1降解效率最高;在2～10 mg/L范围内,光降解效率随水溶液中E1初始浓度的增加而降低.     

污泥的粘度与浓度、温度三者关系式的实验推导

通过融合污泥粘度与污泥浓度关系式、污泥粘度与温度关系式,得到一个新的关系式:污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式,并通过实验数据拟合出各项参数,拟合效果比较理想.得出的污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式对了解污泥的粘度变化非常有帮助,同时,该关系式也将为污泥处理、处置方案的制定提供参考依据.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的实验研究

研究了进口气体中苯乙烯浓度、气体流量和液体流量等3个因素对生物膜填料塔净化苯乙烯废气的影响。研究结果表明，当进口气体中苯乙烯浓度为1000mg／m^3以下、气体流量为200L／h、循环液流量为10L／h的操作条件下，废气中苯乙烯的去除率可达90％以上。     

生物膜与A／O工艺耦合快速降解氨氮

应用由城市污水处理厂序批式间歇反应器（SBR）中筛选得到的4株特殊氨氧化菌，分别在SBR和有回流的生物膜与A／O工艺耦合体系培养中，考察其降解低碳高氨氮废水的功能。结果表明，自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌的混合菌群较单一自养硝化菌株降解氨氮速率快；在生物膜与A／O工艺耦合系统中，自养硝化与异养氨氧化菌协同代谢加速氨氮氧化脱除，氨氮脱除速率远比SBR系统快。对生物膜与A／O工艺耦合系统中氨氮脱除动力学进行了研究，模拟了NH4^＋、NO2^-；质量浓度与氨氮脱除比速率之间的关系，模型得到了较好的验证。     

天津市医疗废物处置规划及策略研究

以天津市医疗废物管理现状为研究对象，对处置方式进行深入探讨，分析目前分散处置和集中处置存在的缺陷，提出“区域集中处置”设想；并运用模糊决策模型理论，建立较完善的处置方式评价指标体系，应用模糊综合评价模型得出“区域集中处置”是最佳的医疗废物处置方式，同时提出了相应的区域集中处置策略。     

生物质废弃物催化裂解制备富氢燃气实验研究

由生物质废弃物催化裂解制取氢气是一种可再生的制氢方法，本研究采用2段加热管式反应器，前段装生物质，后段装催化剂，用以研究生物质催化裂解制取氢气的特性，并提出潜在氢产率的概念对生物质制氢的经济技术可行性进行深入的分析。测试的3种生物质废弃物为：松木粉、木质素和纤维素，测试温度为600～700℃。实验结果表明，加入催化剂后3种物料的产氢率从5．48～15．06g／kg增加到12．94～37．73g／kg；催化剂对潜在产氢率的影响较小，加入催化剂前后的变化范围为：36、25～98、86g／kg到37．40～116．98g／kg。生物质废弃物催化裂解产氢率与相同温度下空气-水蒸气气化的氢产率相当，实验结果证明，生物质废弃物催化裂解是一种有效的制氢方法。     

Study of using microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technologies for reclaiming cooling water in the power industry.

A study of using dual membrane technologies, microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), for reclaiming blowdown of the cooling tower was conducted at ZJK power plant, Hebei province, China. The study shows that the combined MF-RO system can effectively reduce water consumption in the power industry. The results indicate that MF process is capable of producing a filtrate suitable for RO treatment and achieving a silt density index (SDI) less than 2, turbidity of 0.2 NTU. The water quality of RO effluent is very good with an average conductivity of about 40 micros/cm and rejection of 98%. The product water is suitable for injection into the cooling tower to counteract with cooling water intrusion. After adopting this system, water-saving effectiveness as expressed in terms of cycles of concentration could be increased from 2.5-2.8 times to 5 times.     

Tolerance to,and avoidance of,hypoxia by the penaeid shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis)

Aquatic hypoxia caused by eutrophication may lead to mass mortality of valuable living resources such as fish and shrimp. However, there is little information on the hypoxic tolerance of penaeid shrimp, and whether they are able to avoid hypoxia. In laboratory experiments, LC50, LT50 and heart beats per minute were determined for juvenile Metapenaeus ensis at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 6.0 mg O2 l(-1). The 8-h LC50, for DO was 0.77 mg O2 l(-1), while the LT50 at 0.5 mg O2 l(-1) was 399 min. Heart beat rate significantly declined when DO fell below 1.0 mg O2 l(-1). When confronted with a gradient of dissolved oxygen, M. ensis were able to avoid hypoxic areas and move to oxygenated water. M. ensis appeared to be sensitive to hypoxia, and their ability to detect and avoid hypoxia may enhance their survival in habitats where hypoxia may occur.     

Dechlorination of pentachloroethane by commercial Fe and ferruginous smectite

Short-term experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a commercial Fe and an iron-bearing clay mineral, ferruginuous smectite (SWa-1), on the degradation of pentachloroethane (PCA). After 3 h of contact time, SWa-1 catalyzed PCA dehydrochlorination to tetrachloroethene (PCE, 65% conversion), whereas commercial Fe promoted PCA stepwise dechlorination via dehydrochlorination (approximately 40% conversion) and subsequent PCE hydrogenolysis to trichloroethene (TCE). The addition of unaltered SWa-1 to commercial Fe led to a complete inhibition on TCE production, whereas the addition of reduced SWa-1 barely resulted in a 30% decrease.     

Pesticides in precipitation in the Gdańsk region (Poland)

Selected organonitrogen, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides have been determined in precipitation samples collected at 10 sites in the Gdańsk region (northern Poland) over a period of one year (1998). Compounds which were detected most often included simazine (0.11-5.80 ng/l), fenitrothion (0.1-2.10 ng/l), chlorfenvinfos (0.1-1.30 ng/l), gamma-HCH (0.012-5.06 ng/l), heptachlor epoxide (0.05-3.28 ng/l) and aldrin (0.02-3.28 ng/l). The pesticide concentrations in precipitation samples revealed seasonal fluctuations, with higher concentrations observed during the application periods (June and July). The concentrations observed were also affected by the inflow of polluted air masses from the southwest. The total pesticide concentration in the precipitation samples was strongly related to the abundance of green areas in the vicinity of the sampling sites. A weak correlation was also found between the total concentration of organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides, and the total concentration of organochlorine pesticides in the samples collected.