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Yang Y Tao S Wong PK Hu JY Guo M Cao HY Coveney RM Zuo Q Li BG Liu WX Cao J Xu FL 《Chemosphere》2005,60(6):753-761
The dynamic exposures to HCHs of individuals born between the years 1913 and 1993 in Tianjin have been simulated by connecting a fugacity model (IV) with a multimedia exposure model. Ingestion is the most important pathway for human beings to take up HCHs, and concentrations in the human body correlate with body weight changes. Accumulations of HCHs were derived assuming that the degradation in human body behaved linearly. The health risk of exposure to HCHs was measured using cancer risk and loss of life expectancy (LLE), and LLE was modified from its original definition to incorporate a dynamic calculation that takes variances in exposure into account. Monte-Carlo simulations were run to analyze the uncertainties of the model. 相似文献
204.
Alastuey A Querol X Chaves A Ruiz CR Carratala A Lopez-Soler A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1999,106(3):359-367
This work focuses on bulk deposition in a rural area located around a large coal-fired power station in northeast Spain. Deposition chemistry was characterised by high concentrations of SO(4)(2-), Ca(2+) and NH(4)(+), which were relatively high when compared with other rural areas. Monthly bulk deposition evolution of major ions was the result of two superimposed patterns: one pattern related to the volume of precipitation and the other showed the seasonal influence of the major ionic sources. A major local origin was attributed to bulk deposition of SO(4)(2-), NH(4)(+), and Ca(2+), whereas a relatively higher contribution of an external source was deduced for NO(3)(-), Na(+) and Cl(-). The SO(4)(2-) concentrations showed a significant correlation with the local SO(2) emissions. High levels of Ca(2+) were due to the high alkalinity of soils in the study area, although an external origin was attributed to the frequent air mass intrusions from the Sahara. Sources of NH(4)(+) were related to intensive livestock farming in the area. Total suspended particles exert a marked influence over bulk deposition and neutralisation. Thus, despite the high emissions of SO(2) in the area, neutral pH values have always been attained given that the concentrations of Ca(2+) and NH(4)(+) account for the total neutralisation of NO(3)(-) and SO(4)(2-). 相似文献
205.
Mechanism of PCBs formation from the pyrolysis of chlorobenzenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were formed by pyrolysis of chlorobenzenes in a HCl atmosphere. Varieties of substituted chlorobenzenes were used as model compounds to optimize the condensation reaction. Lower chlorinated benzenes produce more PCBs than that of higher ones. Up to 0.7 microg PCBs/mg 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was produced through the condensation reaction. 相似文献
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Domènech X Ayllón JA Peral J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(4):285-287
The paper focuses on the production of H2O2 by photocatalysis over ZnO in an aerated aqueous phase. The presence of different reductants that increase the H2O2 production in the aqueous phase is analysed; particular attention is paid to nitrite, which has been shown to be the reductant that produces the most significant increments in the H2O2 production. The photocatalytic anodic decomposition of ZnO in the presence of the different reductants is also investigated. From the results obtained, the relevance of the ZnO photocatalysis in the formation of environmental hydrogen peroxide is estimated. 相似文献
208.
Effects of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene on unschedule DNA synthesis in BALB/3T3 cell line 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In order to explore the damage from metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene on DNA of mammalian cells, the effects of four metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene (anti-BPDE, syn-BPDE, 3-OH-BP and 9-OH-BP) on synthesis of DNA and unschedule DNA synthesis (UDS) in BALB/3T3 cells were assayed, by methods of single-labeling and double-labeling. The results showed that all of the four agents were able to increase the synthesis of DNA, but only three of them (apart from syn-BPDE) induced UDS in BALB/3T3 cells. The above indicates that the metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene are able to damage DNA in BALB/3T3 cells, and that this effect may be relative to the sterical structure of metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene. 相似文献
209.
Pan B Liu WX Shi Z Cao J Shen WR Qing BP Sun R Tao S 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(3):353-365
The methods of sample purification for determinations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment and fish muscle were investigated in this study. A two-step procedure with preliminary cleanup and florisil column fraction was adopted. The working conditions of florisil column were firstly optimized. As to preliminary cleanup, liquid-liquid extraction by mixture of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and hexane and sulphonation by concentrated sulfuric acid were applied respectively and compared for the studied samples. The results indicated that liquid-liquid distribution could effectively separate lipids from fish muscle extracts, while failed in elimination of chlorophyll extracted from the relicts of hydrophytes in the sediment sample. In view of the sample appearance and clarity of gas chromatogram, sulphonation was more suitable to purify the sediment sample, however, the recoveries of the spiked standards were poor. The use of eluting solvent with stronger polarity could improve the corresponding recoveries significantly. Due to complete loss of Dieldrin, Endrin, and Endrin aldehyde after sulphonation, this pretreatment was improper to the three components. Sulfur, as the particular disturbing element in sediment, could be removed sufficiently by addition of activated copper powder. The relevant detection limits of the selected methods for OCPs in the studied substrates were also provided. 相似文献
210.
生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用及新发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
现代分子生物技术的飞速发展及其在环境研究领域的应用,为生物强化技术的研究和发展提供了新方法和新思路。本文从生物强化系统特异微生物检测及定量化技术、生物强化系统微生物群落结构组成及动态演替规律研究、生物强化作用机制的分子生物学解析、生物强化菌的基因工程构建、生物强化系统微生物的安全释放及控制技术几方面,对生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用和发展作了较为全面的综述。 相似文献