Tendencies in the dynamics of harvested northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) population on the Tyulenii Island have been analyzed in detail. The results show that retardation of reproduction (decrease in the numbers of pups) and decline in the survival of young females (up to 3 years of age) by the late 1980s resulted in a reduction of the total number of females and a significant increase in the proportion of older females. This tendency changed during the later observation period (after 1988–1989) due to increase in the survival of young females: the female population has gradually recovered, with the proportion of young females increasing at the expense of old females (aged over 10 years). The age composition of males has also changed: the proportion of young animals has decreased, while that of large mature males (bulls) has increased. Moreover, the number of bulls continues to increase and has already exceeded the level that formerly provided for the well-being of the population. This, a paradoxical situation has arisen: the numbers of females and bulls are increasing, whereas pup production remains at a low level.
通过降低氢气的温度,可以实现更高密度的氢气储存,进而有效提升存储及运输的效率。为探究储氢温度对加氢站泄漏爆炸事故的影响规律,利用FLACS 软件对加氢站内长管拖车在不同储氢温度条件下(50、100、200 与300 K)发生泄漏后的氢气扩散和爆炸事故进行分析。研究结果表明:随着储氢温度的降低,高压氢气射流撞击防爆墙后可燃气云达到稳定的时间、扩散范围和冻伤区域均逐渐增大,而最大爆炸超压和爆炸危险距离则呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;储氢温度为50 K 时的轻微冻伤距离比储氢温度100 K 和200 K 时分别增加了近1 倍和7 倍,严重冻伤距离也最大;储氢温度为100 K 时泄漏气云爆炸产生的超压峰值比常温氢气爆炸提高了近3 倍,危险区域也最大;储氢温度为200 K 时,达到爆炸超压峰值的时间最快,储氢温度为50 K 时最慢。 相似文献
Agroecosystems (AESs) are autotrophic ecosystems managed by man. The goal of the management is to obtain the maximum possible amount of high-quality agricultural products while preserving agricultural resources, primarily the soils and biodiversity. The main components of the management of AES structures and functions, including primary and secondary biological production, the ratio between the energy flows in the plant–man and plant–livestock–man food chains, the efficiency of energy transfer in the plant–livestock link, and conservation of agricultural resources, are considered. 相似文献
Relationships between stem diameter and phytomass of trees and their parts (single- and multistemmed growth forms) have been studied at different altitudinal levels of the present-day upper treeline ecotone on the Iremel’ Massif, the Southern Urals. The time course of changes in the structure and phytomass of birch–spruce stands during the past centuries has been reconstructed. It is shown that the expansion of forests to the mountains in this period has occurred against the background of rise in summer and winter temperatures and increase in the amount of solid precipitation in the Southern Urals. 相似文献