喀斯特流域水化学特征及水-岩作用分析——以后寨河流域为例

本文选取后寨流域作为研究对象,基于对水体中主要离子的主成分分析和离子比值分析,研究丰枯期水化学特征及水-岩作用程度。研究表明,水体中各离子的主成分荷载值和站点得分能够辨识流域内主要水化学成分及水-岩(T_2g~2、T_2g~3)作用特征,丰水期主成分反映碳酸盐岩可溶性和水动力条件组合的影响,枯水期主成分反映蒸发岩和水动力条件组合的影响。水流作用强的石灰岩地区,管道发育,水流变化迅速,水体中离子浓度低。随着白云岩含量增加或水流作用减弱,水体中离子含量增大。枯水期从上游至中下游水流作用减弱,蒸发作用增强。     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

美国水质交易政策及其在上海的应用分析

水质交易政策被认为是美国在改善水质方面既经济又可靠的方法。介绍了美国水质交易政策的概念和实施。分析了水质交易所必备的环境，经济和技术要素，及其可获得的经济，环境和社会效益。对排污交易政策在上海市的应用进行了分析。指出上海在排污交易方面具有多年的积累，可以借鉴美国在水质交易方面的实践经验，全面实施点源和非点源交易，采用以市场为基础的经济刺激政策来解决由城市和农田径流产生的水污染问题。     

辽河流域地下水超采的生态环境效应及治理对策研究

20世纪70年代以来，辽河流域地下水资源开采量逐渐增加，局部地区地下水严重超采，地下水位下降、地下漏斗、地下水水质超标的情况日益严重，引发了天然植被退化、海水入侵等生态问题，进一步加剧了水资源短缺，严重威胁着流域水资源的可持续利用和社会经济的可持续发展。分析辽河流域地下水超采对地下水位、水质的影响及其相关的生态问题。并提出节约用水、加强地下水和地表水资源的统一规划和统一调度、建立健全地下水动态监测系统、沿海地区充分开采利用海水、已形成严重漏斗区建设利用地下水库等相应的对策与建议。     

嘉山台地电阻率各类变化的判定与分析

本文以嘉山台地电阻率数字化改造后的观测资料为基础,在台址条件、资料质量、干扰因素等方面进行了较为系统的整理,总结了地电阻率观测中的非震现象、典型干扰的变化及影响观测精度的因素,对干扰机制也进行了必要的判断,同时对嘉山台地电阻率的映震效能进行了尝试性的分析,为同类型地电台有效地识别和排除干扰提供参考和借鉴。     

Treatment of phosphorus waste water using crystallization method

Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained.     

海水抽水蓄能电站库盆防渗方案研究

从目前已掌握的淡水防渗技术的角度出发,综合对比了各种防渗材料及联合防渗方案的优缺点,首次探讨了针对海水抽水蓄能电站库盆的防渗方案。建议在库底采用土工膜与黏土联合防渗方案,而在库岸采用钢筋混凝土面板与防护涂层相结合的方式。关于海水抽水蓄能电站库盆防渗选材方案的讨论,可为相关研究工作提供参考依据,并为工程设计提供建议。     

Experimental study on microalgae cultivation in novel photobioreactor of concentric double tubes with aeration pores along tube length direction

Microalgae have been identified as a superior feedstock for biodiesel production and varied tubular photobioreactors are developed for high efficient and scale-up microalgae cultivation. This article presented a novel concentric double tubes using aeration through radial pores along the length direction of inner tube. Experiments on microalgae cultivation were carried out in the novel photobioreactor, and two control groups including concentric double tubes with axial aeration at both ends and common tubular. The biomass productivity of novel photobioreactor increased by 43.6% and 107.4%, respectively, compared with concentric double tubes with axial aeration at both ends and common tubular without aeration. The values of pH shifted from 7.5 to 9.0 for novel photobioreactor, but 7.5 to 8.8 for common tubular, and 7.5 to 9.6 for concentric double tubes with axial aeration. The dissolved oxygen concentration fluctuated between 6.0 and 7.0 mg·L^?1 for novel photobioreactor, but rose from 6.6 to 10.2 mg·L^?1 for the common tubular, and 6.9 to 8.1 mg·L^?1 for the concentric with axial aeration. Results show that the aeration style of novel photobioreactor can make efficient local mixing and maintain smaller range of pH and lower level of dissolved oxygen in case of higher biomass concentration. Moreover, compared with the two control groups, the novel concentric double tubes have advantages on the light/dark cycle frequency, which may be benefit for microalgae cultivation. The novel concentric double tubes presented in this work can give some inspiration for high efficiency microalgae cultivation.     

某高含硫气田地面工程职业病危害防护设施效果评价

为了解高含硫气田地面工程职业病危害因素及防护设施的效果,文章采用职业卫生学调查、职业卫生检测和职业健康监护相结合的综合分析与评价方法,对某高含硫气田地面工程试运行期间的职业病危害防护设施效果进行评价。结果表明:项目运行过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素有硫化氢、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、硫磺粉尘、噪声等12种,除锅炉、空气氮气站岗位噪声强度超过职业接触限值外,其余均符合国家职业卫生标准,职业健康检查无职业禁忌证及职业病,表明该项目的职业病危害防护设施设计合理,防护有效。     

吡唑和吡咯类农药残留检测技术研究进展

吡唑和吡咯类农药具有高效、良好杀菌能力、对环境友好等特点,已经成为当前使用量较大的一类农药.随着该类农药在农业生产中的广泛使用,其残留问题已经引起关注.由于吡唑和吡咯类农药在环境、农作物和食品中痕量存在,最大残留限量值也日益严格,其残留分析便成为了一项重要的工作.本文综述了近年来土壤、蔬菜、蜂蜜、环境水等基体中吡唑和吡咯类农药残留分析的加压溶剂提取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、QuEChERS法等前处理方法和气相色谱法、液相色谱法及其与质谱联用的色谱检测技术的研究进展,以上前处理技术有机溶剂量小、高效快速、对环境友好,与色谱技术联用后具有灵敏度高、检出限低、精密度高等特点,并对未来的发展进行了展望.