机场安检人员心理授权与违章行为关系研究

为减少民航机场安检人员的违章行为、提升民航机场安全水平,研究民航机场安检员的心理授权与违章行为之间的关系。在心理授权与违章行为关系中加入安全意识、安全动机和安全服从3个中介变量,构建机场安检人员心理授权与违章行为关系的理论假设模型;通过实证研究收集国内机场的安检员相关数据,对已构建的理论假设模型采取结构方程模型(SEM)进行检验。结果表明:机场安检员心理授权与违章行为存在一定相关性,即通过安全意识、安全动机与安全服从对违章行为产生间接影响;心理授权通过违章行为产生间接影响,通过安全意识、安全动机和安全服从的中介作用对心理授权与安全意识、安全动机和安全服从均呈现显著正相关。其中,对于安全动机的影响最大,其次是安全意识,影响最小的是安全服从;安全意识、安全动机和安全服从对于机场安检员的无意识违章、失控违章和故意违章3个维度均呈现显著负相关;安全动机对于违章行为的3个维度产生影响的差异性最小,即安全意识动机越高,机场安检员的违章行为的出现概率就会越低;安全服从与机场安检员的故意违章行为显著正相关。     

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Regional Water Use Profile Based on the Gini Coefficient and Location Quotient

Water resources have become a barrier hampering socioeconomic development. Changes in the spatial distribution of water use profile have direct impacts to regional water use efficiency. However, the related research is inadequate, and a more suitable way to analyze regional water use profile is necessary. The Gini coefficient and location quotient, two reliable methods commonly used in discussing the spatial distribution of elements, were introduced and calculated. Taking Gansu Province as the study area, the concentration effect of industrial water use was the strongest, followed by domestic, environmental, and agricultural water use. However, a balanced distribution of agricultural water use failed to be coordinated with the production conditions, the center of Gansu’s grain production should be established to enhance the scale effect of agricultural production. The industrial agglomeration effect remained weak, and each region’s dominant industries need to be developed vigorously. Gansu’s domestic water use was consistent with its population distribution, but it is necessary to reduce the water use gap between urban and rural areas. With a growing awareness of environmental protection, environmental water use exhibited a more balanced distribution. Overall, the methods are simple and have good applicability, and the results can provide a reference in water use optimization.     

不同条件的底泥回流对强化絮凝的影响

为探究不同条件的回流底泥对絮凝强化的影响,采用智能光谱散射分析仪（IPDA）对絮凝过程进行连续监测。通过分析出水浊度和絮体生长曲线,考察了底泥投加量、存放时间和底泥pH对底泥强化作用的影响。结果表明:底泥投加量对于絮体生长FI值（絮凝指数）影响不大,回流单倍底泥时,出水浊度降至1.3 NTU,较常规絮凝下降38%;底泥存放时间越长,絮体生长FI值越小,存放时间<3 d的底泥可保证出水浊度维持在2.0以下;底泥pH为3.0时,出水浊度低至1.2 NTU,酸处理后的底泥,其絮体生长变化曲线不稳定,FI值呈明显震荡波动趋势。回流单倍底泥时,底泥能够强化絮凝的去浊能力,絮体颗粒保持较大尺寸。底泥形成24 h内回流,絮体颗粒之间产生的相互作用力最大,能保持底泥的最大活性。过高或过低的底泥pH导致絮凝效果变差,最适宜的底泥pH为3.0左右。     

Carbon reduction potential and cost evaluation of different mitigation approaches in China's coal to olefin Industry

Coal-based olefin (CTO) industry as a complement of traditional petrochemical industry plays vital role in China's national economic development. However, high CO₂ emission in CTO industry is one of the fatal problems to hinder its development. In this work, the carbon emission and mitigation potentials by different reduction pathways are evaluated. The economic cost is analyzed and compared as well. According to the industry development plan, the carbon emissions from China's CTO industry will attain 189.43 million ton CO₂ (MtCO₂) and 314.11 MtCO₂ in 2020 and 2030, respectively. With the advanced technology level, the maximal carbon mitigation potential could be attained to 15.3% and 21.9% in 2020 and 2030. If the other optional mitigation ways are combined together, the carbon emission could further reduce to some extent. In general, the order of mitigation potential is followed as: feedstock alteration by natural gas > CO₂ hydrogenation with renewable electricity applied > CCS technology. The mitigation cost analysis indicates that on the basis of 2015 situation, the economic penalty for feedstock alteration is the lowest, ranged between 186 and 451 CNY/tCO₂, and the cost from CCS technology is ranged between 404 and 562 CNY/tCO₂, which is acceptable if the CO₂ enhanced oil recovery and carbon tax are considered. However, for the CO₂ hydrogenation technology, the cost is extremely high and there is almost no application possibility at present.     

1株汞挥发真菌的分离及特性分析

近年来土壤汞污染日益严峻,严重危害环境和人类健康,已成为一个世界性的环境问题,因此选择合理有效的方法对其进行修复与控制刻不容缓。有些微生物对汞具有吸附和挥发的特性,可用于受汞污染环境的修复。实验从受重金属污染的土壤中分离纯化出1株高抗汞真菌（DC-F9）,其汞的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）达到160 mg/L;通过ITS序列比较,鉴别该菌属于曲霉属真菌;摇瓶培养发现,该真菌在Hg（Ⅱ）浓度为5 mg/L的培养基中对汞的挥发率、吸附率和总去除率分别为36.8%、58.4%、95.2%;而在Hg（Ⅱ）浓度为10 mg/L的培养基中,其值分别为45.4%、40.2%、85.6%;通过FTIR分析,发现该菌株为响应汞的胁迫表现出多种生理上变化。结果表明该菌株具有对汞污染环境修复的应用潜力。     

氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长及光合生理的影响

以伪鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena sp.）为研究对象,研究了不同氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长、叶绿素荧光参数（F_v/F_m、α、rETR_max、I_K）及类胡萝卜素与叶绿素a比值等的影响,并应用Monod和Droop方程考察氮、磷营养盐对伪鱼腥藻生长动力学的影响,分别计算得到伪鱼腥藻对总磷的半饱和常数K_sP,细胞内磷份额Q₀与对总氮的半饱和常数K_sN。结果表明:氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻的生长影响极显著（P<0.01）,在氮浓度为0~230.4 mg/L内,伪鱼腥藻的生物量与氮浓度呈正相关,磷浓度>1.28 mg/L会抑制伪鱼腥藻生长。氮浓度对各叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响（P<0.05）,磷浓度对F_v/F_m、I_K有显著影响（P<0.05）,而对rETR_max、α影响不显著（P>0.05）。K_sP≪K_sN,伪鱼腥藻对磷具有更好的亲和性,伪鱼腥藻能够正常生长的细胞最小内磷份额Q₀为0.0486 μg/mg,低于该值则藻细胞的增殖停止。类胡萝卜素与叶绿素a比值与氮、磷营养盐浓度呈负相关。     

晋江河口湿地红树林恢复对表层土壤氮磷的影响

近年来,由于沿海地区人为活动加剧导致河口湿地退化严重,采用红树植物进行人工恢复被认为是一种有效的修复方式。而关于土壤氮、磷方面的研究主要集中于天然红树林湿地,人工恢复对其影响方面的研究较少。该文以福建晋江河口恢复红树林湿地为研究对象,采用野外采样与室内实验相结合的方法,分析湿地恢复过程中不同种植模式下土壤氮、磷含量的变化特征,探究湿地恢复对其影响。结果表明:恢复区土壤总氮和总磷含量均高于对照,且不同混交方式和种植密度间均存在显著差异性,表明红树林恢复促进了湿地土壤氮、磷的积累,不同恢复模式对其含量产生影响。此外,河口区复杂的水文环境也可能是一个重要的影响因素。     

生活饮用水中六六六、滴滴涕、六氯苯测定方法的优化

文章综合现有国标中关于六六六(BHC)、滴滴涕(DDT)和六氯苯(HCB)测定方法,在此基础上,通过改变取样量、萃取剂量、分离程序等进行方法优化和验证,采用时间定性,外标法定量。实验结果表明,利用InertCap 5石英毛细管柱、电子捕获检测器进行测定,在0.025～0.5μg/L添加水平下,六六六、滴滴涕、六氯苯9种物质的平均回收率为92.5%～104.3%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～4.5%,方法检出限为0.01～0.04μg/L。优化后的方法具有试剂用量少,操作简单、快速,灵敏度、回收率、精密度和准确度高等优点,具有实用价值。     

环境规制对碳排放时空格局演变的作用路径研究——基于东北三省地级市实证分析

基于2005-2016年东北三省36个地级市面板数据,定性分析环境规制与碳排放的时空格局演变特征,并利用中介效应分析法定量研究环境规制对碳排放的影响及作用路径。结果表明：（1）从各城市对比来看,环境规制强度呈现出明显的市域差异,碳排放量呈先增加后减小态势。（2）从空间格局来看,环境规制强度呈现由北向南逐渐增强的态势,区域间差异逐渐增大。环境规制的高水平类型分布集中,城市数量最多;低水平类型均位于黑龙江省北部,城市数量最少。碳排放量的高水平类型集中分布在辽东半岛以及大庆市和吉林市等石油型、冶金型城市,低水平类型城市数量呈波动增加,主要分布在东北北部,且向南逐渐扩散。（3）东北三省严格的环境规制不仅直接抑制碳排放,也可以通过优化产业结构和精简粗放投资间接抑制碳排放,地方政府竞争则会减弱环境规制对碳排放的抑制效应。     

聚丙烯装置造粒系统改造后职业病危害因素调查

目的:了解聚丙烯装置造粒系统改造后的职业病危害状况,提出职业病危害的关键防护点。方法:对改造后的造粒系统进行职业卫生现状调查,确定了主要的职业病危害因素,并采用定点及个体的采样方式对工作场所的职业病危害因素进行了检测。结果:工作场所的噪声、个体粉尘、电离辐射及高温检测结果均符合国家职业卫生限值标准,定点粉尘检测结果为26.05~29.33mg/m3,超出国家限值要求。结论:确定了噪声、粉尘为该系统改造后的主要职业病危害因素,应对存在的职业病危害因素加强治理以降低工作场所职业病危害因素的浓(强)度,维护作业人员的身体健康。