固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究

针对焦化废水中的３种难降解有机物（喹啉、异喹啉、吡啶）筛选了具有效高降解能力的优势菌种。采用无纺布－PVA复合载体对优势菌种进行包埋固定。研究了包埋固定化优势菌种对相应有机物的降解特性。结果表明,经优势菌种处理8h,3种难降解有机物均可降解90％以上。     

饮用水中卤氧化物离子色谱分析方法研究

直接大体积进样,建立生活饮用水中卤氧化物溴酸盐(BrO3-)、亚氯酸盐(ClO2-)、氯酸盐(ClO3-)含量的离子色谱(IC)法。优化的色谱条件为:Metrosep A Supp 7(250 mm)色谱柱配以Metrosep A Supp1保护柱,淋洗液为3.6 mmol/L Na2CO3与1.0 mmol/L NaHCO3;流速为0.6mL/min;进样量为100μL,抑制型电导检测器。方法结果显示:卤氧化物与常见共存阴离子完全分离,标准曲线在(5.0～400)μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999),精密度高(相对标准偏差RSD<5.0%),样品加标平均回收率在90.8%~105%之间。按S/N=3,BrO3-、ClO2-、ClO3-的检出限分别为(0.9、0.7、1.0)μg/L。该方法操作简单、分离效果好,可与常见阴离子实现同时分析,灵敏度高,重现性好,适合于饮用水中消毒副产物中溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐的同时测定。     

烟气流量及二氧化碳分压对氨法减排效率的影响

减少二氧化碳的排放,进一步使其资源化,是中国乃至世界能源生产所需要解决的重大问题。氨法吸收燃煤烟气中的二氧化碳是目前国际上的一个重要研究方向,具有良好的应用前景。为考察燃煤烟气流量以及二氧化碳分压对氨法吸收燃煤烟气中二氧化碳效率的影响,文章在实验室模拟烟气采用氨法吸收烟气中CO2,选用R=50%碳化氨水作为CO2吸收剂,选择填料塔做反应器,考察了烟气流量以及CO2分压对CO2脱除率的影响。研究发现,烟气流量越小,塔内气、液反应时间越长,CO2脱除率越高。在不同烟气流量的条件下,吸收液碳化度均超过130%。混合烟气流量为1 L/min,CO2分压为0.046 MPa时,脱除率最高,反应出液碳化度最大,结晶效果最好。     

构建金厦示范区海域环境联合管理体系的设想

分析两地海洋环境管理体系互补、互动关系，提出优化管理资源配置，构建一个两地协调的海洋环境管理体系的设想，从体制上解决分割的管理体系与统一的管理目标—金厦海域管理的矛盾。     

秋冬季台湾海峡西部海域大气颗粒物中有机氯农药的污染特征及入海通量

通过采集台湾海峡西岸厦门岛秋、冬两季的近海大气颗粒物样品,分析20种有机氯农药（OCPs）的污染特征及可能来源,并估算OCPs干沉降入海通量。结果显示,厦门岛大气颗粒物中OCPs主要为DDTs、HCHs和Methoxychlor。季节变化上,受中国北方陆地污染气团来源的影响,冬季OCPs各化合物的浓度高于秋季。2006至2008年,OCPs浓度呈上升趋势,可能受到该时期内厦门灰霾日数明显增加导致大气总悬浮颗粒物含量增长的影响。与国内主要城市区域相比,OCPs浓度处于较低水平,与背景区域的浓度水平相当。通过分子标志物示踪污染物来源显示,DDTs、氯丹和硫丹主要为历史残留,而HCHs主要受到工业HCHs污染的影响。秋季和冬季,OCPs的大气干沉降通量分别为3.49 ng/（m2·d）和9.25 ng/（m2·d）,按照台湾海峡海域覆盖面积（63000 km2）估算,秋季和冬季大气颗粒物中OCPs通过干沉降入海通量分别为20.03 kg和52.45 kg。     

A comparative investigation of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) and Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x: 0-0.4) for NO decomposition

A series of single-phase T-structured NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) with oxygen vacancies and T'-structured Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) (x:0-0.4) with oxygen excess were prepared using ultrasound-assisted citric acid complexing method, and characterized by means of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and NO temperature-progranuned desorption (NO-TPD). The catalytic activities of these materials were evaluated for the decomposition of NO. It was found that the NdSrCut_xCoxO4_b catalysts were of oxygen vacancies whereas the Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) ones possessed excessive oxygen (i.e., over-stoichiometric oxygen); with a rise in Co doping level,the oxygen vacancy density of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) decreased while the over-stoichiometric oxygen amount of Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CU_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ)increased. The NO-TPD results revealed that NO could be activated much easier over the oxygen-deficient perovskite-like oxides than over the oxygen-excessive perovskite-like oxides, with the NdSrCuO_(3.702) catalyst showing the best efficiency in activating NO molecules. Under the conditions of 1.0% NO/helium, 2800 hr~(-1), and 600-900℃, the catalytic activity of NO decomposition followed the order of NdSrCuO_(3.702)> NdSrCu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(3.736) > NdSrCu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(3.789) > Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.6)Co_(0.4)O_(4.187)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)Cu_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(4.104)> Sm_(1.8)Ce_(0.2)CuO_(4.045), in concord with the sequence of decreasing oxygen vacancy or oxygen excess density. Based on the results, we concluded that the higher oxygen vacancy density and the stronger Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+) redox ability of NdSrCu_(1-x)Co_xO_(4-δ) account for the easier activation of NO and consequently improve the catalytic activity of NO decomposition over the catalysts.     

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine in the presence of nano-ZnO: Performance, kinetics and effects

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine (ATZ) with nano-ZnO (nZnO) as catalyst and the influences of the operational parameters have been investigated through semi-continuous experiments in this study. The results demonstrated that the combination of ozone (O₃) and nZnO showed an obvious synergetic effect and the ATZ degradation conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. An improvement of ATZ degradation efficiency by 41.8% and pseudo-first-order rate constant by more than a factor of four was obtained in the O₃/nZnO process after 5 min of reaction compared to O₃ alone. Meanwhile, the degradation efficiency of ATZ was gradually enhanced with increasing nZnO dosage and initial pH in the range from 3.0 to 8.0, and a higher amount of ATZ was degraded when the initial concentration of ATZ rose from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. Additionally, sulfate ion, chloride ion, nitrate ion and low concentrations of humic acid substances led to enhancement of the ATZ degradation. The notable decrease of ATZ removal efficiency observed in the presence of radical scavengers and the results of free radical tests indicated that OH is the dominant active radical species. The mechanism investigation demonstrated that the enhancement effect could be attributed to the introduction of nZnO, which could promote the utilization of O₃, enhance the formation of superoxide radical, and further accelerate the production of hydrogen peroxide and the generation of OH/O₂-.     

汉江富营养化动态模型研究

针对汉江富营养化问题，建立水体富营养化动态模型，其特点是不仅能够较好地模拟浮游植物的变化过程，而且能够提供发生水华的原因和生态机理的解释。最后汉江武汉段1998年发生的水华事件为实例进行模拟，结果表明模型合理可信。     

面向复杂设备的分布式故障诊断研究

基于复杂系统的设备故障诊断的要求 ,按故障信息流动的方向将诊断过程分为实时监测层、故障诊断层及综合决策层 ,并建造一种分布式多级黑板诊断结构模型。根据不同诊断层次的特点 ,赋予其不同的诊断方法。在实时监测层中各实时监测单元采用神经网络和知识基模块的混合结构完成该层任务 ;故障诊断层则基于广义知识表达模型 ,建立三库结构 ,即静态实例库、动态实例库和规则库 ,整个推理过程基于三级推理机制 ;综合决策层为一智能型的辅助决策支持系统 ,提供对整个系统生产与设备运行状态的综合诊断与决策。     

现代分子生物学技术在动物肠道微生物多样性研究中的应用

现代分子生物技术的蓬勃发展解决了不可培养微生物研究的难题,使得肠道微生物的研究进入一个新的阶段.本文主要介绍了基于16SrRNA的分子分析技术,包括DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳),TGGE(温度梯度凝胶电泳),SSCP(单链构象多态性),RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性)等肠道微生物研究工作中常用的分子生物学技术方法、适用范围及可能的发展方向,为动物肠道微生物区系的进一步研究及开发应用提供帮助.表1参42