试论环境监测信息系统及其应用

本文论述了环境监测信息系统的组成，功能及在城市环境质量评价中的应用，对环境质量评价的方法及实际应用作了初步讨论及分析。     

酸雨,水体酸化及其对水生生物的影响

我国酸雨南重北轻，呈区域分布和硫酸型特征。川、黔、湘、赣、桂和粤等省、区的局部地带酸雨ｐＨ低于４．５，接近国外重酸雨水平。重庆市郊（缙云山、南山）已发现酸化水体和酸敏感水体。酸化对各营养级水生生物的生长繁殖、生物多样性和水体生产力造成危害，破坏水体的生态平衡。如果燃煤的脱硫防尘等环保措施不力，我国酸雨与水体酸化的发展趋势十分严峻。     

厌氧-好氧填料床联合处理餐饮废水的研究

调查江苏省扬州市餐饮废水排放特征,开发出一种厌氧-好氧填料床联合反应器用于处理餐饮废水.通过试验确定上流式厌氧填料床水力停留时间为4h,当联合工艺的总水力停留时间为8h时,联合工艺对餐饮废水处理CODcr去除率达到了90%.出水中CODcr、NH3-N、SS、磷酸盐指标达到国家一级排放标准.     

烟气循环流化床——悬浮吸收脱硫工艺

详述了烟气循环流化床悬浮吸收工艺脱硫原理、工艺流程、系统组成及各系统作用,为类似老电厂烟气脱硫工程改造和环境管理提供有益经验.     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

德日静脉产业发展经验及对中国的借鉴

随着人类发展理念的革新,“资源-产品-再生资源”的经济发展模式已在全世界取得普遍认同,实践循环经济已成为国际社会的重要发展趋势。文章详细分析总结了德日在发展静脉产业方面的经验,结合中国现阶段的国情,提出中国发展静脉产业主要依赖与法律体系的健全、政策体系的完善、多层面多渠道的宣传教育的开展、政府绿色采购的大力推行和社会回收组织的催生,并特别强调了宣传教育的重要性,以期对中国静脉产业的良性发展提供借鉴。     

Development and application of some renovated technologies for municipal wastewater treatment in China

China has been experiencing fast economic development in recent decades at the cost of serious environmental deterioration. Wastewater discharge, especially municipal wastewater discharge, and non-point pollution sources are becoming the major water pollution source and research focus. Great efforts have been made on water pollution control and a number of renovated technologies and processes for municipal wastewater treatment and reclamation as well as non-point pollution control have been developed and applied in China. This paper discusses the development and application of the appropriate technologies, including natural treatment systems, anaerobic biological treatment, biofilm reactors and wastewater reclamation technologies, for water pollution control in the country.     

Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over cinder-based nanoneedle in presence of tartaric acid: Synergistic performance and mechanism

Cr(VI) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) has become an attractive topic. In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-([email protected]) (γ[email protected]). The physicochemical properties of γ[email protected] were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was evaluated. The results showed that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by γ[email protected] in the presence of tartaric acid (TA) under visible light. The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions (γ[email protected] 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 7 min. Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O₂^{? —} and CO₂^{? —} played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO₂^{? —}. Dissolving O₂ could react with electrons to generate O₂^{? —}. This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.     

深刻研究环境问题生成-演变规律是科学制定环境政策前提和关键

本文研究环境问题诱导孕育机制、形成机制、动力机制、强化机制、发展机制、防护机制、扩散机制等，以揭示环境问题生命周期各个阶段的规律、特征、过程、动态；对环境问题来龙去脉、变化过程和影响因素系统而深刻研究。以环境行为为主线，综合应用环境心理学、环境社会学、环境政治、环境伦理学等有关环境人文社会科学理论，探讨环境问题诱导、形成、发生、发展、扩散、作用、衰退等各个阶段的数量动态、空间格局、演变态势等，同时也为环境人文社会科学综合集成，提供一个范式。为环境政策调控奠定微观基础，为环境政策综合调控提供微观分析技术和控制手段。     

提高锻模寿命的主要工艺措施

根据对开式模锻变形过程的理论分析,论述了几种主要工艺参数对锻模寿命的影响,提出了降低锻模机械负荷提高锻模寿命的主要工艺措施.实践证明,这些工艺措施是行之有效的.