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481.
Loess Plateau,an arid and semi-arid region in Northwest China,is well-known for its most serious soil erosion in terms of sediment yield each year.Soil erosion,which is intensified by agricultural activities,is the major factor influencing sustainable agriculture development in this region.It reduces productivity by removing nutrients and especially reducing water availability that is essential for crop production in the area.It also brings about off-site costs by demanding more efforts for maintenance of banks and dame along Yellow River through raising the riverbed with sediment.Climate is capricious and extreme weather conditions occur frequently,which impairs normal agricultural production with erosion and also decrease of water availability.Extensive way of farming still dominates on the Loess Plateau,which canot produce satisfying economic results and needs to be improved or altered.Conventional agricultural production pattern needs to be reconsidered for husbandry has not been granted its due position.Agriculture is the backbone of economy.Poor agricultural production impedes economic development and vice versa,backward economy also influences the advancement of agriculture.Besides a large population,education status of farmers is another threshold that requires being resolved for a sustainable agriculture.Although conventional agriculture has been practiced there for more than 5000years,now it cannot meet the demand for food and fiber by the increasing population and some of its farming practices are contributing to environmental degradation directly or indirectly and can sustain no longer.Agriculture on Loess Plateau needs to find its own way of sustainability.To work toward a sustainable agriculture,chances and challenges both indwell on Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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通过室内试验探讨中华圆田螺营养盐释放的温度影响因子对氮磷营养盐循环、水体悬浮物以及摄入量和排泄量的影响等生态特性。研究发现,温度对中华圆田螺营养盐的释放有显著影响。TN和TDN随温度升高呈小幅度增加,TP和TDP则随温度升高呈明显增高,当温度分别由8℃升高至15℃和35℃时,TN则分别增加了5.71%和23.43%,TDN增加6.76%和17.57%;TP则增加92.60%和208.35%,TDP增加2.25%和110.17%。当温度分别由8℃升高至15℃和35℃时,NH4+-N分别增加了1.89%和26.55%,PO4--P增加了14.27%和225.96%,NO3--N则不受温度影响。另外,温度对SS的影响不明显(p>0.05),即使在8℃条件下仍有较高的去除率,为69.50%;试验各个温度下,螺对SS摄食量都大于排泄量,随着时间延长,螺对SS的摄入量有所降低,但仍高于其排泄量。由此可见,底栖软体动物对富营养化水体具有明显的净化作用,为湖泊富营养化控制提供了可供参考的依据。 相似文献
484.
镍、锌、铝对羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)生长及酶活性影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了不同浓度镍、锌、铝对常见绿藻羊角月芽藻（Ｓ．ｃａｐｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ）生长速度、蛋白质含量、ＡＴＰ水平、葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶及硝酸还原酶活性的影响．结果表明３种金属离子在所试浓度范围内对羊角月芽藻的生长速度均有抑制作用，但单位藻培养物中蛋白质含量却随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加；高浓度金属离子对酶活性有明显抑制作用；藻细胞中ＡＴＰ水平随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降．提出金属离子对藻类生物产生影响的机理可能是：高浓度金属离子的存在，打破了生物最佳的各种营养元素生物可利用性的平衡．并讨论了藻类生长及生化活性对金属离子反应的相关性． 相似文献
485.
探讨了参数化设计实现的基本原理、方法和步骤。并列举了参数化设计的应用实例。解决了CAD应用中参数化设计的部分关键技术。 相似文献
486.
In China, the health risk from overexposure to particles is becoming an important public health concern. To investigate daily exposure characteristics to PM 2.5 with high ambient concentration in urban area, a personal exposure study was conducted for school children, and office workers in Beijing, China. For all participants (N = 114), the mean personal 24-hr exposure concentration was 102.5, 14.7, 0.093, 0.528, 0.934, 0.174 and 0.703 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 , black carbon, Mn, Al, Ca, Pb, and Fe. Children's exposure concentrations of PM 2.5 were 4-5 times higher than those in related studies. The ambient concentration of PM 2.5 (128.5 μg/m 3 ) was significantly higher than the personal exposure concentration (P 0.05), and exceed the reference concentration (25 μg/m 3 ) of WHO air quality guideline. Good correlation relationships and significant differences were identified between ambient concentration and personal exposure concentration. The relationships indicate that the ambient concentration is the main factor influencing personal exposure concentration, but is not a good indicator of personal exposure concentration. Outdoor activities (commute mode, exposure to heating, workday or weekend travel) influenced personal exposure concentrations significantly, but the magnitude of the influence from indoor activities (exposure to cooking) was masked by the high ambient concentrations. 相似文献
487.
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489.
物理化学法处理炼铁高炉煤气洗涤污水，选用聚丙烯酰胺和聚铁作絮凝剂，两者适当的配比和投加量确保ＳＳ的去除率，采用ＮＸ－１０８复合阻垢剂使煤气洗涤污水经处理后能实现全密闭循环复用。 相似文献
490.
Yan Kong Yuan Zhuang Zhiyong Han Jianwei Yu Baoyou Shi Kun Han Haotian Hao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(4):81-91
Hydrogels have attracted large attention in wastewater treatment fields due to their low-cost and good interaction with pollutants, among which novel double network hydrogel is an outstanding class. To expand the application of double network hydrogel in water treatment, in this study, eco-friendly physically cross-linked double network polymer hydrogel beads (DAP) are prepared and studied in depth on the mechanism of Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption; and then the polymer hydrogels are further functionalized by inorganic materials. MB adsorption on DAP favors alkaline condition which is due to the increase of electrostatic attraction and adsorption site, and it reaches equilibrium within 10?hr, which is faster than that of the single network hydrogel beads (SAP). Through thermodynamics study, the process shows to be an exothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorption isotherms are well fitted by Langmuir model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1437.48?mg/g, which is larger than SAP (1255.75?mg/g). After being functionalized with common inorganic materials including activated carbon, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO), the composites show to have larger pore sizes and have obvious increases in adsorption capacity especially the one contains GO. Then the composites contains Fe3O4 are used as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst which shows to have excellent performance in MB degradation. The results indicate the potential of polymer double network to be functionalized in environmental areas. 相似文献