五大连池冬季水体中磷的分布特征

在冬季对东北地区五大连池各池采取表层水样,对水体中总磷、溶解性总磷和溶解性磷酸盐进行了分析。结果表明五大连池冬季水体中总磷浓度在0.035 mg/L～0.144 mg/L之间,其中四池含量最高,二池含量最低。溶解性总磷的含量在0.027 mg/L～0.049 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,一池含量最低。溶解性磷酸盐的浓度在0.020 mg/L～0.042 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,二池含量最低。水体中磷以溶解态的形式存在为主,而溶解态中又以溶解性磷酸盐为主,占溶解性总磷的平均百分比为80.92%。总的来说三池、四池和五池磷水平较高,人类污染影响严重。     

HPLC法分析苯酚超声/H2O2降解机理

利用超声/H2O2协同作用生成氧化能力极强的羟基自由基(.OH)降解苯酚。确定高效液相色谱分析的适宜条件为室温,检测波长277 nm,流动相配比55/45(V甲醇/水),流速为0.5 mL/min,测得各物质的回收率在95.2%100.3%之间,证明高效液相色谱法是测定苯酚及其中间产物的一种有效的分析方法。HPLC法分析苯酚的降解过程首先是由羟基自由基攻击苯环,生成对苯二酚、邻苯二酚,然后继续羟基化,生成顺丁烯二酸,进一步氧化,最终生成二氧化碳和水。     

五大连池水体中氮素分布及规律的初步研究

分析了2009年9月至2010年10月五大连池水体的总氮、氨氮、硝氮3项指标.得出水体氮素的年度变化规律及相关性,即总氮和氨氮、氨态氮与硝态氮两组指标的相关性很高,总氮与硝态氮之间相关性较弱.3种指标都是冬季明显高于其他季节,总氮在春季最低随后升高,氨态氮和硝态氮在春夏秋季均维持较低水平,且结合3者变化规律,夏季和秋季...     

离心气浮技术及在含油污水处理中的应用

针对含油污水处理将朝着低污染、低成本、易操作、结构紧凑、高效处理方向发展的要求,围绕离心气浮处理技术进行综述。将迄今各种含油污水离心气浮处理技术分为:基于充气水力旋流器的气浮旋流组合、气浮与常规水力旋流器单体组合、气浮与低强度旋流离心力场组合三大类,并对其特点进行了详细分析。国外采油污水处理的最新进展表明,紧凑型旋流气浮组合技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle （Anadara granosa） and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80 0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6 to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.     

典型地区大气新型卤代阻燃剂污染特征、来源分析及人体暴露

利用大流量主动采样器采集了广州市天河区（23°08''56" N,113°21''30" E）和五指山国家自然保护区（18°54''02" N,109°41''24" E）两个典型地区的大气气相和颗粒相样品,测定了8种新型卤代阻燃剂（new halogenated flame retardants,NHFRs）的浓度,包括syn-DP、anti-DP、TBPH、PBEB、HBB、TBE、TBB、DBDPE.结果表明,广州大气中∑NHFRs平均浓度（335 pg·m^-3）远高于五指山（90.6 pg·m^-3）.广州大气中DBDPE为优势单体,占比为66.9%;五指山大气中NHFRs则以TBPH为主（65.8%）.季节变化上,广州的∑NHFRs浓度呈现一定季节变化,而五指山的∑NHFRs无明显季节变化,这可能与两地NHFRs的来源不同有关.结合主成分分析、风向频率和后向轨迹模型分析,发现两地阻燃剂来源有较大的差异：广州大气中NHFRs可能主要来源于电子垃圾拆解、工业输入和消费品的再挥发,而五指山大气中阻燃剂可能以外源输入为主.健康风险评价结果显示,我国大型城市大气中高浓度NHFRs的持续暴露会对城市居民健康特别是婴儿健康造成潜在危害.     

微生物燃料电池及其在废水/废弃物处理中的应用

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFC)作为一项解决环境污染同时开发可再生能源的新技术,近年来受到国内外研究者广泛关注。基于MFC工作原理,全面归纳了其典型的高效产电菌,并从阳极氧化、阴极还原两方面重点探讨了其在处理废水/废弃物的应用实例及发展潜力,最后从3个方面对MFC在环境领域的应用前景作了展望。     

Characterization of odorous charge and photochemical reactivity of VOC emissions from a full-scale food waste treatment plant in China

Food waste treatment plants (FWTPs) are usually associated with odorous nuisance and health risks, which are partially caused by volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a selected full-scale FWTP in China. The feedstock used in this plant was mainly collected from local restaurants. For a year, the FWTP was closely monitored on specific days in each season. Four major indoor treatment units of the plant, including the storage room, sorting/crushing room, hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, and aerobic fermentation unit, were chosen as the monitoring locations. The highest mean concentration of total VOC emissions was observed in the aerobic fermentation unit at 21,748.2–31,283.3 μg/m³, followed by the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit at 10,798.1–23,144.4 μg/m³. The detected VOC families included biogenic compounds (oxygenated compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenes, and organosulfur compounds) and abiogenic compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons). Oxygenated compounds, particularly alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. With the use of odor index analysis and principal components analysis, the hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units were clearly distinguished from the pre-treatment units, as characterized by their higher contributions to odorous nuisance. Methanthiol was the dominant odorant in the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, whereas aldehyde was the dominant odorant in the aerobic fermentation unit. Terpenes, specifically limonene, had the highest level of propylene equivalent concentration during the monitoring periods. This concentration can contribute to the increase in the atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air.     

Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected at Lhasa City in the Tibetan Plateau

To understand the composition and major sources of aerosol particles in Lhasa City on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), individual particles were collected from 2 February to 8 March, 2013 in Tibet University. The mean concentrations of both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ during the sampling were 25.7 ± 21.7 and 57.2 ± 46.7 μg/m³, respectively, much lower than those of other cities in East and South Asia, but higher than those in the remote region in TP like Nam Co, indicating minor urban pollution. Combining the observations with the meteorological parameters and back trajectory analysis, it was concluded that local sources controlled the pollution during the sampling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) was used to study 408 particles sampled on four days. Based on the EDS analysis, a total of 8 different particle categories were classified for all 408 particles, including Si-rich, Ca-rich, soot, K-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich, Al-rich and other particles. The dominant elements were Si, Al and Ca, which were mainly attributed to mineral dust in the earth's crust such as feldspar and clay. Fe-, Pb-, K-, Al-rich particles and soot mainly originated from anthropogenic sources like firework combustion and biomass burning during the sampling. During the sampling, the pollution mainly came from mineral dust, while the celebration ceremony and religious ritual produced a large quantity of anthropogenic metal-bearing particles on 9 and 25 February 2013. Cement particles also had a minor influence. The data obtained in this study can be useful for developing pollution control strategies.     

Characterization of odorous charge and photochemical reactivity of VOC emissions from a full-scale food waste treatment plant in China

Food waste treatment plants(FWTPs) are usually associated with odorous nuisance and health risks, which are partially caused by volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a selected full-scale FWTP in China. The feedstock used in this plant was mainly collected from local restaurants. For a year, the FWTP was closely monitored on specific days in each season. Four major indoor treatment units of the plant, including the storage room, sorting/crushing room, hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, and aerobic fermentation unit, were chosen as the monitoring locations.The highest mean concentration of total VOC emissions was observed in the aerobic fermentation unit at 21,748.2–31,283.3 μg/m3, followed by the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit at 10,798.1–23,144.4 μg/m3. The detected VOC families included biogenic compounds(oxygenated compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenes, and organosulfur compounds) and abiogenic compounds(aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons). Oxygenated compounds,particularly alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. With the use of odor index analysis and principal components analysis, the hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units were clearly distinguished from the pre-treatment units, as characterized by their higher contributions to odorous nuisance. Methanthiol was the dominant odorant in the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, whereas aldehyde was the dominant odorant in the aerobic fermentation unit. Terpenes, specifically limonene, had the highest level of propylene equivalent concentration during the monitoring periods. This concentration can contribute to the increase in the atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air.