口服二苯胂酸在小鼠小脑蒲肯野细胞诱发氧化和氮化应激

为了研究口服化学战剂降解产物二苯胂酸(DPA)导致小脑功能异常与诱发小鼠小脑蒲肯野细胞氧化和氮化应激之间的关系,利用硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)法和免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织丙二醛(MDA)和3-硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)的变化情况.同时,通过在体外合成3价DPA的模型化合物二苯胂酸碘(DPI),并用Western-blot检测3-NT的生成.研究发现,在小鼠一次口服15mg·kg-1DPA以及连续5d口服5mg·kg-1 DPA的情况下,小脑组织TBARS上升,蒲肯野细胞MDA和3-NT染色阳性.体外实验检测到DPI和NO反应可以生成3-NT,这表明DPA会导致小鼠小脑功能异常,这与其在体内代谢过程中产生的砷相关活性物质在小脑蒲肯野细胞诱发氧化和氮化应激密切有关.     

铁路物流中心海产品高污染有机污水处理工艺研究

通过海产品加工生产污水处理站“设计施工系统联调联试”的全过程,对其污水性质及特点进行分析,采取以“气浮+ICER生化”为核心的污水处理工艺,结合污水处理系统联调联试,从提温降盐、确定混凝剂投放量及活性污泥培养驯化等方面进行工艺改进,以确保污水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 89781996)二级标准。     

运输航空飞行安全绩效模糊动态评估模型*

为完善民航安全绩效体系建设,提高企业风险防范能力,促进其健康发展,参考“空客飞行品质监控项目”和企业QAR监控项目,结合指标重要性分析和一线人员、专家的有关建议,构建飞行安全绩效评估指标体系。基于混合型中心点三角白化权函数和TAN模型设计运输航空飞行安全绩效模糊动态评估模型。研究结果表明:该模型具有良好的实用性和可操作性,能够满足航空公司对安全绩效评估的需求。     

九寨沟风景区秋季水体硅藻的海拔梯度变化

九寨沟是著名的世界自然遗产地,水是九寨沟自然风景的灵魂,因而关于九寨沟湿地的研究极为重要.硅藻的生长和繁殖对环境极为敏感,长期作为湿地水质监测的指标.对四川几寨沟风景区内17处采样点水体中的硅藻进行了实地调查研究,经鉴定共发现113个分类单位,包括种和变种,隶属于2纲6目10科32属.脆杆藻属、舟形藻属、桥弯藻属和异极藻属常为优势属,只在长海是以小环藻属为单一优势属的群落.首次发现典型的富营养化指示种颗粒直链藻[Melosira granulata(Ehr.)Ralfs]和星形冠盘藻[Stephanodiscus astraea(Ehr.)Grun.]在旅游旺季出现,并在淡季消失,表明旅游对九寨沟核心景Ⅸ的湖泊产生了一定的影响,而其生态系统具有较强的自我调节功能.数量统计和相关分析结果表明,硅藻细胞密度受到环境因子的综合作用而表现出与海拔显著的正相关;反映多样性的Cairns连续比较指数(SCI)普遍较高(长海除外),与海拔显著负相关,与密度极显著负相关,可以都从种间竞争得到解释;SCI不一定反映了水体水质.图2表6参25     

Understanding why consumers in China switch between wild,farmed, and synthetic bear bile products

An important rationale for legally farmed and synthetic wildlife products is that they reduce illegal, wild-sourced trade by supplying markets with sustainable alternatives. For this to work, more established illegal-product consumers must switch to legal alternatives than new legal-product consumers switch to illegal wild products. Despite the widespread debate on the magnitude and direction of switching, studies among actual consumers are lacking. We used an anonymous online survey of 1421 traditional Chinese medicine consumers in China to investigate switching among legal farmed, synthetic, and illegal wild bear bile. We examined the past consumption behavior, applied a discrete choice experiment framed within worsening hypothetical disease scenarios, and used latent class models to investigate groups with shared preferences. Bear bile consumers (86% respondents) were wealthier, more likely to have family who consumed bile, and less knowledgeable about bile treatments than nonconsumers. Consumer preferences were heterogenous, but most consumer preferences switched between bile types as disease worsened. We identified five distinct latent classes within our sample: law-abiding consumers (34% respondents), who prefer legal products and were unlikely to switch; two all-natural consumer groups (53%), who dislike synthetics but may switch between farmed and wild; and two nonconsumer groups (12%), who prefer not to buy bile. People with past experience of bile consumption had different preferences than those without. Willingness to switch to wild products was related to believing they were legal, although the likelihood of switching was mediated by preferences for cheaper products sold in legal, familiar places. We found that consumers of wild bile may switch to legal alternatives, given the availability of a range of products, whereas legal-product consumers may switch to illegal products if the barriers to doing so are small. Understanding preferences that promote or impede switching should be a key consideration when attempting to predict consumer behavior in complex wildlife markets.     

Two-year measurements of surface ozone at Dangxiong, a remote highland site in the Tibetan Plateau

Measurements of surface O3 and carbon monoxide(CO) were made from September 2009 to August 2011 at Dangxiong(30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4187 m a.s.l.), a remote highland site in a southern valley of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monthly mean O3 mixing ratio ranged from 29.1 to 51.4 ppb, with an average of 38.5 ppb, and the maximum value was observed in May. The average diurnal cycle of O3 concentration showed a minimum in early morning and a maximum in the afternoon, with a broader "high platform" from the late morning to the late afternoon, and resembled that of surface wind speed. The concentration of surface O3 was highly significantly correlated with tropospheric column O3 over the regions surrounding Dangxiong and with that of surface O3 observed at a site north of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, suggesting a good regional representativeness of surface O3 at Dangxiong. In the afternoon when stronger winds blew, surface air showed distinct features of free-atmospheric air, with higher O3, lower CO, and lower relative humidity(RH). The negative O3–CO and O3–RH correlations in most months indicate a significant influence of air masses from the free troposphere. Trajectory analysis suggests that air masses originating from the south of the site make a negative net contribution to surface O3 and a positive contribution to CO and humidity, and those from the northwest sector contribute conversely to the respective quantities.     

基于重整化群理论的采空区煤柱群临界失稳概率研究

为对房柱式采空区煤柱群安全稳定性进行客观评价,以概率分析为手段结合重整化群理论,深入研究了煤柱个体与相邻煤柱之间的荷载传递规律及煤柱群-顶板系统临界稳定性。得出结论:重整化群理论可适用于采空区煤柱群稳定性分析,确定煤柱群临界概率范围为0.147≤p*≤0.333;煤柱失稳荷载传递过程中的损失程度可用荷载传递系数α衡量,临界破坏概率p*随着荷载传递系数α的增加而递减;针对不同工况,需通过试验或现场实测获得传递系数α,才能准确的确定煤柱临界概率p*。     

普通冲床上的撕拉盖成形工艺

主要介绍了在普通冲床上撕拉盖冲压成形工艺方案、材料排样、模具结构及模具设计中应注意的问题。     

深部大跨度泥质顶板剪切冒落失稳区预测研

为了预测深部大跨度泥质顶板剪切冒落失稳区范围,基于泥岩峰后黏聚力软化-内摩擦角硬化的力学特性,获得了基于Mohr-Coulomb理论的泥岩峰后黏聚力软化-内摩擦角硬化的力学模型及参数,构建了深部大跨度泥质巷道数值模型,提出了泥岩峰后各强度参数变化对巷道顶板剪切破坏区的影响范围。结果表明:泥岩在峰后剪切破坏过程中具有明显的黏聚力软化-内摩擦角硬化特性;基于泥岩峰后黏聚力软化-内摩擦角硬化计算获得的巷道顶板剪切冒落高度小于黏聚力软化-内摩擦角软化的计算高度;巷道顶板潜在剪切破坏区位置及范围与泥岩峰后黏聚力软化-内摩擦角硬化计算结果十分接近。     

铁、锰氧化细菌在环境污染治理中的应用

对各种铁、锰氧化细菌的生理生化特性进行了讨论 ,介绍了铁锰氧化细菌在环境污染治理方面的应用 ,并提出了今后研究工作的重点及亟待解决的问题