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401.
Tao Zhao Xingrun Wang Xiaojin Yang Xianghua Yan Zhiqiang Nie Qifei Huang 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):712-717
In this paper, the effects of chloride salt (MgCl2, CaCl2 or NaCl) addition on the thermal decomposition of five inorganic mercury compounds (HgCl2, HgS, Hg(NO3)2·H2O, HgO, and HgSO4) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Mercury-contaminated soil samples collected from Inner Mongolia were used to verify the results. The desorption temperatures of the mercury compounds increased in the following order: HgCl = HgCl2 < HgS < Hg(NO3)2·H2O < HgO < HgSO4. Among the chloride salts, MgCl2 had the greatest effect on thermal desorption of the mercury compounds, with the greatest reduction in the initial temperature of thermal desorption. After MgCl2 treatment, the mercury removal rates for the soil were 65.67–81.35 % (sample A), 70.74–84.91 % (sample B), and 69.08 % (sample C). The increase in the mercury removal rate for sample C with addition of MgCl2 was particularly large (34.96–69.08 %). X-Ray diffraction analysis of white crystals from the thermal desorption with MgCl2 indicated that MgCl2 promoted conversion of the mercury compounds in the soil to mercury(II) chloride and dimercury dichloride. This transformation is beneficial for applying thermal desorption to remedy mercury-contaminated soils and treat of mercury containing waste. 相似文献
402.
为了对水中苯酚的去除进行研究,通过离子交换法及液相沉积法在天然沸石上负载Fe3O4制备出一种具有较高反应活性的复合催化剂,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等仪器对其结构和形貌进行表征,并利用复合催化剂进行非均相UV/Fenton反应处理模拟苯酚废水,考察不同因素对苯酚降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,H2O2投加量为二分之一理论投加量,pH为3~10且室温的条件下,处理100 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,60 min之内苯酚去除率可达90%以上。通过对催化剂的稳定性研究,发现经5次循环使用后,苯酚去除率均可保持在90%以上,具有良好的循环使用性能。 相似文献
403.
Hongtao Wang Yongfeng Nie 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):264-272
ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and to identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the second of two papers proposed on this topic. Major problems or difficulties identified in MSW management in China include MSW land, air, and water pollution, commingled collection, poor administration, shortage of funds, lack of facilities, and problems of training and public awareness. In order to solve these problems and to improve MSW management in China, remedial strategies in three areas are recommended: institutional reform, technology development, and legislation and administrative improvement. The primary principle involved in institutional reform is unifying legislative responsibilities into one body and developing a market mechanism for handling MSW. Composting, landfills, and incineration should be equally developed in accordance with China's needs. The feasibility of developing technology to handle MSW in China is discussed. Also recommended is the establishment of sound regulatory systems, including a service fee system, a source separation system, and a training program. China is presently undergoing economic and institutional reform at the national and local levels. Results of this study will provide useful information on MSW management in China. 相似文献
404.
实验研究了蔗糖为碳源,硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵等氮源对NIII2发酵产絮凝剂的影响。结果表明,发酵液起始pH值为7.50,以硝酸钠为氮源,发酵液pH会上升,升至7.60~8.34时,NⅢ2菌株开始大量分泌微生物絮凝剂,发酵72 h,产量可达7.5 g/L,该产量是目前报道的克雷伯氏菌产絮凝剂的最高值。脲为氮源,pH则下降,降至5.04~6.49时,大量分泌絮凝剂,发酵72 h产量达5.2 g/L。蛋白胨、氯化铵和硫酸铵等为氮源时,pH下降十分明显,pH小于3.71时有絮凝剂分泌,发酵72 h产量约2.0 g/L或更小。以硝酸钠和脲为氮源时,发酵液中有黄色物质分泌,该黄色物质出现或黄色逐渐加深,是NIII2菌高产絮凝剂的标志。除硫酸铵外,其他氮源发酵所产絮凝剂为O-糖蛋白。当以硝酸钠、脲、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和氯化铵为氮源时,絮凝剂中蛋白的含量分别为9.55%、33.28%、19.39%、13.81%和15.51%,且蛋白含量越高,絮凝剂活性越大。 相似文献
405.
Zhang Cheng Kun-Ci Chen Kai-Bin Li Xiang-Ping Nie Sheng Chun Wu Chris Kong-Chu Wong Ming-Hung Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4484-4495
This study investigated the extent of arsenic (As) contamination in five common species of freshwater fish (northern snakehead [Channa argus], mandrarin fish [Siniperca chuatsi], largemouth bass [Lepomis macrochirous], bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis] and grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idellus]) and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total As concentrations detected in fish muscle and sediment in freshwater ponds around the PRD were 0.05–3.01 mg?kg?1 wet weight (w. wt) and 8.41–22.76 mg?kg?1 dry weight (d. wt), respectively. In addition, the As content was positively correlated (p?<?0.05) to total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediments. Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed that omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals from the sediment than carnivorous fish. In addition, feeding habits of fish also influence As accumulation in different fish species. In this study, two typical food chains of the aquaculture ponds were selected for investigation: (1) omnivorous food chain (zooplankton, grass carp and bighead carp) and (2) predatory food chain (zooplankton, mud carp and mandarin fish). Significant linear relationships were obtained between log As and δ 15N. The slope of the regression (?0.066 and ?0.078) of the log transformed As concentrations and δ 15N values, as biomagnifications power, indicated there was no magnification or diminution of As from lower trophic levels (zooplankton) to fish in the aquaculture ponds. Consumption of largemouth bass, northern snakehead and bighead carp might impose health risks of Hong Kong residents consuming these fish to the local population, due to the fact that its cancer risk (CR) value exceeded the upper limit of the acceptable risk levels (10?4) stipulated by the USEPA. 相似文献
406.
将企业供应链管理理论引入到职业教育研究,指出供应链能够降低校企合作的交易成本、机会成本和管理成本,而实现上述功能必须以树立集成化供应链管理观念、构建校企合作的激励与利益协调机制、搭建校企合作的网络信息平台、重组高职院校组织结构与流程为条件。 相似文献
407.
The photolytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), an alternative flame retardant to decabromodiphenyl ether, was investigated in a variety of matrixes (n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, methanol/water, humic acid/water, and silica gel) by irradiation under ultraviolet light and in n-hexane under natural light. Photolytic degradation of DBDPE occurs in all the matrixes investigated within the irradiation period (<320 min). The degradation experiments showed varied reaction rates, dependent on the matrixes, with increasing half-lives (t1/2) in the order of tetrahydrofuran (t1/2 = 6.0 min) > n-hexane (t1/2 = 16.6 min) > humic acid/water (30 < t1/2 < 60) > silica gel (t1/2 = 75.9 min) > methanol/water (t1/2 > 240 min). The reaction in tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, and silica gel matrixes can be described by the pseudo first order kinetics. Nevertheless, the matrixes have little effect on the degradation product distributions of DBDPE. A numbers of debrominated intermediates were identified. The degradation involves the initial formation of nona-BDPEs and the subsequent decomposition of these congeners to lower brominated congeners (octa- and hepta-BDPEs) within the irradiation time. To our knowledge, the present work is the first attempt to investigate the photolytic degradation kinetics and the identification of intermediates, as well as the degradation mechanism, during the degradation of DBDPE. Further research is needed to understand the photolytic degradation pattern of DBDPE in the natural environment. 相似文献
408.
Atmospheric emission of polychlorinated naphthalenes from iron ore sintering processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Iron ore sintering processes constitute significant sources of dioxins, and studies have confirmed a close correlation between polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and dioxin formation. Thus, iron ore sintering processes are thought to be a potential source of PCNs, although intensive investigations on PCN emissions from sintering processes have not been carried out. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to qualify and quantify PCN emissions from nine sintering plants operating on different industrial scales. PCN concentrations ranged from 3 to 983 ng m−3 (0.4-23.3 pg TEQPCN m−3) and emission factors ranged from 14 to 1749 μg t−1 (0.5-41.5 ng TEQPCN t−1), with a geometric mean of 84 μg t−1 (2.1 ng TEQPCN t−1). The estimated annual emission of PCNs from sintering processes in China was 1390 mg TEQPCN. These figures will assist in the development of a PCN emissions inventory. Regarding emission characteristics, PCNs mainly comprised low-chlorinated homologs. The ratios of several characteristic PCN congeners were also measured and compared with those from other sources. Taken together, these results may provide useful information for identifying the sources of PCNs produced by iron ore sintering processes. 相似文献
409.
Yuanxin Zhang Fei Li Chaoqiong Ni Song Gao Shuwei Zhang Jin Xue Zhukai Ning Chuanming Wei Fang Fang Yongyou Nie Zheng Jiao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):21
410.
莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区生态环境分区与生态恢复研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在对莱州湾南岸咸水入侵区进行区域生态分析的基础上,对研究区进行了生态环境分区,提出了研究区环境战略调整和综合治理咸水入侵灾害的关键性技术措施,并结合各分区特点,有针对性地提出了各生态环境分区生态恢复和重建的组合配套措施。 相似文献