混凝土I-II复合型断裂过程声发射特征研究

通过对不同位置预制裂缝的混凝土三点弯曲梁进行声发射试验,开展了不同预制裂缝偏移比下混凝土I-II复合型断裂的声发射过程参数、状态参数、统计参数分布规律,以及参数间相关性研究。结果表明:振铃计数—时间曲线、能量释放率—时间曲线的突变可表征I-II复合型断裂过程的临界状态,随着预制裂缝偏移比的增大,峰值荷载增大,试件脆断性增强;部分声发射过程参数间具有高度或中度相关性;随着裂缝偏移比的增大,试件起裂阶段主频均以低频占优,失稳阶段主频呈现“高—低”趋势。该研究可为混凝土损伤状态判别提供一定基础。     

微波辅助Fe-Al柱撑蒙脱土的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附

在微波辅助条件下合成了一系列Fe-Al柱撑蒙脱土.利用自制Fe-Al柱撑蒙脱土对模拟废水中的亚甲基蓝进行吸附实验.通过XRD和SEM分析可见,在微波条件下合成的Fe-A1柱撑剂能够使蒙脱土的层间距加大,从而使其具有更好的吸附性能.在Fe-Al柱撑蒙脱土加入量为1.8 g/L、吸附时间为20 min、亚甲基蓝质量浓度为40mg/L的条件下,亚甲基蓝去除率达95.13％.     

Characterization and coagulation of a polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant with high Al13 content

A polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant was prepared from AlCl3 x 6H2O and Na2CO3. The Al13 species in PAC was separated and purified by the SO4(2-)/Ba2+ deposition-replacement method, and characterized by 27Al-NMR and XRD. From 27Al-NMR spectroscopy, it was found that PAC obtained after separation and purification contained more Al13 (PAC-Al13, for short) than original PAC before separation and purification. In XRD spectra, a strong Al13 signal appeared in the range of 2theta from 5 to 25 degrees. Jar tests were performed to test the coagulation efficiency of AlCl3, PAC and PAC-Al13 in treating synthetic or actual water samples. Compared with PAC and AlCl3, PAC-Al13 gives the best results for turbidity, humic acid and color removal, and achieves the highest charge-neutralizing ability. Under the study conditions, PAC-Al13 gave about 90% humic acid removal and almost 100% reactive blue dye removal when its dosages were 4.0 and 15 mg/L as Al, respectively. The Al13 species has a higher positive charge and is the most effective polymeric Al species in water and wastewater treatment.     

微生物对石油污染物的降解作用

针对油井附近落地油污染地表土壤的问题,利用热蒸发色谱技术,对油污土壤中加入微生物对原油的降解特征进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,在油污土壤中加入微生物,对落地油有明显的降解作用,可以减轻石油生产过程中油污对土壤的破坏和对环境的污染。随着微生物降解作用的不断进行,土壤中污油的相对降解速度逐渐加快,相对降解率逐渐增加。生物处理法的过程较简单,处理费用低,处理效果好,一般不会产生二次污染。     

Global eddy permitting simulations of surface ocean nitrogen,iron, sulfur cycling

The geocycles of N, Fe and S in the ocean are tightly coupled and together exert strong influence on biogeochemistry of the earth system. We investigate this interaction by inserting macro-micronutrient cycling into a high resolution ocean model that realistically represents the general circulation. Simulated chlorophyll distributions reproduce many features of satellite-based measurements of ocean color. Meridional sections through model results and seasonally averaged SeaWiFS data agree reasonably well, both in the oligotrophic gyres and along fronts. Discrepancies are associated in many cases with shelf, ridge or island effects. Dimethyl sulfide peaks and their chlorophyll correlations are similar to those obtained on major oceanographic expeditions. Lack of strong regional relationships between the sulfide and phytoplankton may be partly explained by correspondence between time constants for production and for the traversal of mesoscale transport features. In general the eddies and filaments of tropical instability waves are well represented, including the onset of the 1997-1998 El Ni?o. North-south shifts of the transition zone chlorophyll front appear prominently in the results.     

Microbial enhancement of Cu2+ removal capacity of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)

Bacteria resistant to Cu2+, Ni2+ or Zn2+ were isolated from the rhizosphere of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)) and their metal ion removal capacities (RCs) were determined. The Ni2+ and Zn2+ RCs of the respective metal ion-resistant bacteria were less than 4.1 mg g(-1), while one of the Cu2+-resistant bacteria (Strain CU-1) showed a significant high Cu2+ RC of 10.6 mg g(-1). The effect of inoculating water hyacinth with Strain CU-1 on its Cu2+ RC was further studied. Water hyacinths were treated with an antibiotic, oxytetracycline (OTC), to remove most rhizospheric bacteria of plant roots. Inoculation of Strain CU-1 increased the Cu2+ RC of the plant root by 1.91 (OTC-treated) and 1.56 (OTC-untreated) folds respectively when compared with the control. Results also showed that Strain CU-1 colonized onto the plant root and led to the increase of Cu2+ RC of the roots of water hyacinth.     

自备电厂锅炉安全存在问题及解决措施

对自备电厂锅炉的历史背景、安全现状以及安全存在问题的原因进行了详细的阐述,并列举出解决安全问题的措施及建议.     

构建我国综合防灾法律体系的探讨——源于汶川地震的思考

本文在汲取汶川地震抗震救灾经验教训的基础上,分析了我国防灾领域立法的现状和存在的问题,提出制定综合性"防灾减灾基本法",出台指导防灾减灾各阶段工作的基础性法律,加强各单灾种法律法规等构建我国综合防灾法律体系的对策.     

吹扫捕集-气质联机法测定水中三氯乙醛

用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法对水中三氯乙醛进行了测定,研究了吹扫时间、NaOH溶液加入量对三氯乙醛响应值的影响,确定的实验条件为:吹扫4 min,每40 ml水样中加入0.20 ml NaOH溶液,标准曲线范围在1.0～200μg/L时,线性相关系数可达0.999,取样量5 ml时,检出限0.21μg/L。精密度和准确度实验结果为:空白水分别加标2.0μg/L和20μg/L时,6次平行测定的平均回收率分别为108%和94.4%,RSD分别为3.1%和2.4%。