一株耐镉链霉菌的筛选、鉴定与基本特性分析

微生物在重金属污染治理中具有重要作用.采用微生物纯培养技术从镉污染土壤中分离获得一株在液体培养基和固体培养基中能够分别耐受45 mmol·L~(-1)和50 mmol·L~(-1)Cd~(2+)的细菌,通过形态学、生理生化及分子鉴定,初步鉴定该菌株属于链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.),命名为Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01.进一步实验结果表明,耐镉链霉菌Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01的优化培养条件为:马铃薯蔗糖培养基,在250m L的三角瓶中装液量为90 m L,培养温度30℃,初始pH=6.0,接种量6.0%,NaCl质量分数0%;湿菌体吸附Cd~(2+)的优化条件为:温度30℃,pH=8.0,NaCl质量分数1.0%,Cd~(2+)浓度500 mg·L~(-1),吸附率为44.78%;干菌粉吸附Cd~(2+)的优化条件为:温度30℃,pH=9.0,NaCl质量分数0%,Cd~(2+)浓度100 mg·L~(-1),吸附率达到70.45%.说明链霉菌Streptomyces sp.strain Cd TB01在重金属污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景.     

厌氧污泥降解氯酚的驯化及其在驯化过程中的降解动力学

以２种厌氧污泥经４种氯酚的实验室半连续投料驯化试验的结果表明，通过氯酚的驯化可以明显地提高厌氧污泥对氯酚的降解活性和降解速率，消除利用氯酚的滞后期；驯化污泥降解活性的高低与原污泥的活性、菌群类型及氯酚的种类等因素有关；添加微生物易利用有机物，有利于获得高效降解氯酚的驯化污泥；并提出了氯酚在厌氧污泥驯化过程中的降解动力学方程。     

黄山旅游气候资源的初步分析

本文对黄山旅游气候资源进行了初步分析，黄山旅游气候资源丰富，应充分开发利用，大力发展旅游业。     

微生物燃料电池及其在废水/废弃物处理中的应用

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFC)作为一项解决环境污染同时开发可再生能源的新技术,近年来受到国内外研究者广泛关注。基于MFC工作原理,全面归纳了其典型的高效产电菌,并从阳极氧化、阴极还原两方面重点探讨了其在处理废水/废弃物的应用实例及发展潜力,最后从3个方面对MFC在环境领域的应用前景作了展望。     

Allocation and source attribution of lead and cadmium in maize (Zea mays L.) impacted by smelting emissions

Plants grown in contaminated areas may accumulate trace metals to a toxic level via their roots and/or leaves. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and sources of Pb and Cd in maize plants (Zea mays L.) grown in a typical zinc smelting impacted area of southwestern China. Results showed that the smelting activities caused significantly elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd in the surrounding soils and maize plants. Pb isotope data revealed that the foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb was the dominant pathway for Pb to the leaf and grain tissues of maize, while Pb in the stalk and root tissues was mainly derived from root uptake. The ratio of Pb to Cd concentrations in the plants indicated that Cd had a different behavior from Pb, with most Cd in the maize plants coming from the soil via root uptake.     

Proteomics analysis of zebrafish brain following chronically exposed to bisphenol A

Bisphenol A, a plastic monomer and plasticizer, is a well-known endocrine disrupter, widely present in the aquatic environment, but little is known regarding its neurotoxicity in fish. Herein, we investigated its effects on male zebrafish brain. Zebrafish were exposed to 10 µg/L BPA for 45 days. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation approach coupled with nano high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was employed to detect and identify differentially expressed proteins. A total of 46 proteins was identified and categorized into functional classes that mostly included metabolism and transport, cytoplasm and organelle, ion and nucleotide binding, indicating that bisphenol A toxicity in fish brain is complex. The biological pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, calcium signaling, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were also induced. Proteomic analyses add new perspectives to bisphenol A neurotoxicity in aquatic organisms.     

基于生命周期的产品碳足迹评价与核算分析

近年来,越来越多的企业对其产品进行碳足迹评价,评价方法主要采用产品碳足迹评价标准提供的碳计量方程,如GHG Protocol、ISO14064、PAS 2050、TS Q 0010等。在介绍相关评价标准的基础上,分析了产品碳足迹的评价步骤,最后利用河北盛华化工有限公司生产的PVC产品为例,给出了基于生命周期的B2B模式的产品碳足迹评价的案例。为企业及相关机构开展碳足迹评价提供借鉴作用。     

An evaluation on the environmental consequences of residual CFCs from obsolete household refrigerators in China

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contained in household refrigerators consist mainly of CFC-11 and CFC-12, which will be eventually released into the environment. Consequentially, environmental releases of these refrigerants will lead to ozone depletion and contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect, if waste refrigerators are not disposed of properly. In the present paper, the potential release of residual CFCs and their substitutes from obsolete household refrigerators in China is examined, and their contributions to ozone depletion and greenhouse effect are compared with those of other recognized ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and greenhouse gases (GHGs). The results imply that annual potential amounts of released residual CFC-11 and CFC-12 will reach their maximums at 4600 and 2300 tons, respectively in 2011, and then decrease gradually to zero until 2020. Meanwhile, the amounts of their most widely used substitutes HCFC-141b and HFC-134a will keep increasing. Subsequently, the contribution ratio of these CFCs and their substitutes to ozone depletion will remain at 25% through 2011, and reach its peak value of 34% by 2018. The contribution to greenhouse effect will reach its peak value of 0.57% by 2010. Moreover, the contribution ratio of these CFCs to the total global release of CFCs will steadily increase, reaching its peak of 15% by 2018. Thus, this period from 2010 to 2018 is a crucial time during which residual CFCs and their substitutes from obsolete household refrigerators in China will contribute significantly to ozone depletion.     

低频振动对高温类铀矿岩氡析出规律的影响研究

为了研究铀矿山采掘作业低频振动对高温铀矿围岩氡析出规律的影响,选取南方某铀尾矿砂、石英砂等原材料制备类铀矿岩试块,基于正交试验原理设计0~40 Hz与30~50℃两种因素条件下共计25组对比试验。试验结果表明:在一定时间范围内,单因素测量条件下低频振动与高温加热对试块的氡析出率均有提升作用,但是随着振动频率的上升,氡析出率会呈现一个先增大后减小的趋势,30 Hz时氡析出率达到最大值;在低频振动与高温持续加热耦合作用下,氡析出率变化呈三维立体曲面,在曲面振动频率30 Hz、试块测量温度为50℃位置时氡析出率达到最大值,试验结论可为铀矿井氡防护优化提供一定的参考。     

Sugarcane bagasse amendment improves the quality of green waste vermicompost and the growth of Eisenia fetida

•Earthworms were able to convert green waste into more plant-available nutrients. •The part of heavy metals content increased in the compost added by earthworm. •The addition of SCB to GW did enhance earthworm biomass and humic acid content. •The resulting vermicomposts were characterized by neutral pH and lower EC value. Vermicomposting is a feasible method for disposing of lignocellulosic waste while generating a useful product. The current study assessed the potential of vermicomposting green waste mixed with sugarcane bagasse in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% (v:v, based on dry weight). The suitability was evaluated based on the agrochemical properties, earthworm biomass, and phytotoxicity. The final vermicomposts exhibited near-neutral pH values (7.1–7.6), and lower EC values (0.43–0.72 mS/cm) and C:N ratios (14.1–19.9).The content of available nutrients and CEC for all the vermicomposts exceeded those of the control compost (without earthworms). For vermicomposts, the average values of NO₃^–-N, AP, AK, and CEC were 53, 517, 1362 mg/kg, and 158 cmol/kg, respectively. The total contents of heavy metals increased in all vermicompost treatments compared to control composts with the following average final percentages: Zn (2.0%), Cr (15.5%), Pb (23.4%), and Cu (44.3%), but these amounts were safe for application in agroforestry. The addition of sugarcane bagasse to green waste significantly increased the content of total humic substance, humic acid and urease activity, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, and Eiseniafetida reproduction. The addition of 25% sugarcane bagasse to green waste decreased the toxicity to germinating seeds. These results revealed that vermicomposting is a feasible way to degrade green waste into a value-added chemical product.