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121.
盐渍土、冻土作为特殊土一直是岩土工程领域研究的热点,但盐渍化冻土与结构之间的相互作用却鲜有报道。为研究山东季冻区、盐碱地渠系工程破坏问题,开展了氯盐、硫酸盐渍土在不同含盐量、不同法向应力条件下与混凝土衬砌冻结接触面的直剪试验研究。结果表明:冻结接触面剪切破坏的性状与含盐类型和含盐量均有关,随氯化钠含量的增加,破坏性状由脆性破坏转为塑性破坏,且氯化钠含量约为2%时是破坏性状的转折点,硫酸钠含量的增加,不会改变接触面的脆性破坏性状;初始冻结强度来源于接触面上冰晶的胶结作用,随含盐量的增大,冻结强度降低,且含盐类型对冻结强度影响不同,氯化钠比硫酸钠对初始冻结强度降低作用更显著,当氯化钠含量接近2%、硫酸钠含量超过4%时,接触面完全丧失初始冻结强度;随着含盐量的增大,内摩擦角由不变到开始减小,黏聚力由开始降低到趋于稳定。 相似文献
122.
Xiaojun Wang Mingsheng Jia Xiangyu Lin Ying Xu Xin Ye Chih Ming Kao 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2017,67(4):507-515
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes are commonly used as a cover component in sanitary landfills, although only limited evaluations of its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been completed. In this study, field GHG emission were investigated at the Dongbu landfill, using three different cover systems: HDPE covering; no covering, on the working face; and a novel material-Oreezyme Waste Cover (OWC) material as a trial material. Results showed that the HDPE membrane achieved a high CH4 retention, 99.8% (CH4 mean flux of 12 mg C m-2 h-1) compared with the air-permeable OWC surface (CH4 mean flux of 5933 mg C m-2 h-1) of the same landfill age. Fresh waste at the working face emitted a large fraction of N2O, with average fluxes of 10 mg N m-2 h-2, while N2O emissions were small at both the HDPE and the OWC sections. At the OWC section, CH4 emissions were elevated under high air temperatures but decreased as landfill age increased. N2O emissions from the working face had a significant negative correlation with air temperature, with peak values in winter. A massive presence of CO2 was observed at both the working face and the OWC sections. Most importantly, the annual GHG emissions were 4.9 Gg yr-1 in CO2 equivalents for the landfill site, of which the OWC-covered section contributed the most CH4 (41.9%), while the working face contributed the most N2O (97.2%). HDPE membrane is therefore, a recommended cover material for GHG control.
Implications: Monitoring of GHG emissions at three different cover types in a municipal solid waste landfill during a 1-year period showed that the working face was a hotspot of N2O, which should draw attention. High CH4 fluxes occurred on the permeable surface covering a 1- to 2-year-old landfill. In contrast, the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane achieved high CH4 retention, and therefore is a recommended cover material for GHG control. 相似文献
123.
在实验室及中试条件下研究了臭氧-活性炭技术对石油微污染地下水的处理效果。通过石油类和高锰酸盐指数两个指标,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值、过滤速率等操作参数对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧投加量和活性炭过滤速率是最主要的影响因素,pH值对处理效果影响不显著。中试条件下适宜的臭氧投加量应为8mg/L左右,最佳过滤速率在10m/h附近。采用臭氧氧化与活性炭过滤组合工艺,当进水石油类浓度在1.5mg/L以下时,出水石油类低于0.3mg/L,高锰酸盐指数低于3.0mg/L。 相似文献
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126.
Potential allelopathic interactions between Skeletonema costatum and Alexandrium minutum were investigated using mixed cultures and culture filtrate in nutrient-replete medium. A. minutum growth was inhibited when grown in S. costatum filtrate, with the inhibitory effect directly proportional to the percentage of filtrate added. This demonstrates that the release of allelopathic compounds caused the growth inhibition. In contrast, the filtrate of A. minutum exerted no allelopathic activity on S. costatum. An autoinhibitory compound (15(S)-HEPE) extracted and purified from S. costatum culture was added to cultures of both S. costatum and A. mintum. This substance could depress S. costatum growth, but showed no significant inhibitory activity on A. minutum. This documented a second type of allelochemical interaction, termed auto-allelopathy, caused by a different compound from the one or ones that affected A. minutum in the co-cultures with added crude filtrate. Further studies are needed to explore the relative importance of these two types of allelopathy as factors influencing the competition between S. costatum and A. minutum in the field. Furthermore, given the observed decrease in diatom dominance relative to dinoflagellates with increasing eutrophication, one can predict that toxic species like A. minutum might become more prevalent in the future in the East China Sea if the trend of increasing pollution of coastal waters continues. 相似文献
127.
Xiaojun Wang Mingsheng Jia Xiaohai Chen Ying Xu Xiangyu Lin Chih Ming Kao Shaohua Chen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(7):1156-1164
With limited assessment, leachate treatment of a specified landfill is considered to be a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In our study, the cumulative GHG emitted from the storage ponds and process configurations that manage fresh or aged landfill leachate were investigated. Our results showed that strong CH4 emissions were observed from the fresh leachate storage pond, with the fluxes values (2219–26,489 mg C m?2 h?1) extremely higher than those of N2O (0.028–0.41 mg N m?2 h?1). In contrast, the emission values for both CH4 and N2O were low for the aged leachate tank. N2O emissions became dominant once the leachate entered the treatment plants of both systems, accounting for 8–12% of the removal of N-species gases. Per capita, the N2O emission based on both leachate treatment systems was estimated to be 7.99 g N2O–N capita?1 yr?1. An increase of 80% in N2O emissions was observed when the bioreactor pH decreased by approximately 1 pH unit. The vast majority of carbon was removed in the form of CO2, with a small portion as CH4 (<0.3%) during both treatment processes. The cumulative GHG emissions for fresh leachate storage ponds, fresh leachate treatment system and aged leachate treatment system were 19.10, 10.62 and 3.63 Gg CO2 eq yr?1, respectively, for a total that could be transformed to 9.09 kg CO2 eq capita?1 yr?1. 相似文献
128.
为更好地研究环境中高氯酸盐离子(ClO-4)与硝酸盐氮(NO-3-N)混合污染的共同降解。选用pcrA、cld基因表征参与高氯酸盐降解的细菌,NirS基因表征反硝化细菌,16S rRNA基因表征整个细菌群落的活性。通过对高浓度硝酸盐氮与高氯酸盐混合污染降解体系内不同时间点不同种基因的表达分析,实时定量的反应复杂环境中混合污染物生物降解机理。结果表明,在外源添加足够的醋酸盐作为电子供体条件下,NO-3-N与ClO-4质量浓度比为5∶1时,硝酸盐氮的存在不会完全抑制ClO-4的降解,当NO-3-N降解完全时,可以加快ClO-4的降解过程。在有硝酸盐氮存在的混合降解体系内,pcrA和cld基因与ClO-4的浓度变化之间的相关性不是很高,证明该功能基因对复杂环境中特定生物群落的表征有一定局限性。 相似文献
129.
Yuchen Li Zhen Chen Xiangyu Zhang Kun Yang Lidong Wang Junhua Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(5):58
130.