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北京北部水系沉积物中重金属的研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
主要研究了北京市北部水系沉积物中重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn)含量和来源.在潮白河及密云水库流域采集了17个沉积物样品,温榆河流域采集了5个样品,重金属含量As和Hg采用原子荧光光谱法测定,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn含量用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定.研究结果表明,沉积物中重金属元素没有出现明显的富集状况,只有Hg、Cd、Cr和Zn在一些采样点有较高的富集.相关性分析表明Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu互相之间呈显著正相关(r0.06;p0.01),而Hg与Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb和Ti没有明显的相关性.通过主成分分析研究重金属的来源,发现前3个主成分贡献率分别为38%、23%和17%.因此,Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu作为第一主成分被认为与人类活动的工矿业开采有关,第二主成分As和Mn与人类活动的农业生产和生活污水排放有关,第三主成分Cr、Ni和Ti与岩石风化和土壤侵蚀有关. 相似文献
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β-羰基膦酸酯具有广泛的生物学活性,在著名的Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)反应中用于合成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物.为克服现有合成β-羰基膦酸酯类化合物的方法存在的缺陷,在一种无溶剂环境下利用烯烃、亚磷酸酯和氧气为原料,铜/铁共催化氧膦化酯制备β-羰基膦酸酯.结果显示:该反应具有良好的选择性和底物普适性,利用简单易得的起始物料有效地获得一系列β-羰基膦酸酯,并能获得32%-77%的收率.此外,将该反应放大至10克级其收率没有显著下降.进一步利用1H NMR、13C NMR、31P NMR及HRMS等技术对β-羰基膦酸酯化合物进行了结构表征.本研究提供了一种实用、成本低廉、高效、绿色工艺合成β-羰基膦酸酯的方法. 相似文献
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Cheng Jianhua Tang Xiangyu Liu Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29241-29252
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) represents a global threat to human health. Land application of animal manure is known... 相似文献
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On the potential of biological treatment for arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bioremediation of arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater shows a great potential for future development due to its environmental compatibility and possible cost-effectiveness. It relies on microbial activity to remove, mobilize, and contain arsenic through sorption, biomethylation–demethylation, complexation, coprecipitation, and oxidation–reduction processes. This paper gives an evaluation on the feasibility of using biological methods for the remediation of arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater. Ex-situ bioleaching can effectively remove bulk arsenic from contaminated soils. Biostimulation such as addition of carbon sources and mineral nutrients can be applied to promote the leaching rate. Biosorption can be used either ex-situ or in-situ to remove arsenic from groundwater by sorption to biomass and/or coprecipitation with biogenic solids or sulfides. Introduction of proper biosorbents or microorganisms to produce active biosorbents in-situ is the key to the success of this method. Phytoremediation depends on arsenic-hyperaccumulating plants to remove arsenic from soils and shallow groundwater by translocating it into plant tissues. Engineering genetic strategies can be employed to increase the arsenic-hyperaccumulating capacity of the plants. Biovolatilization may be developed potentially as an ex-situ treatment technology. Further efforts are needed to focus on increasing the volatilization rate and the post-treatment of volatilization products. 相似文献
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Optimising yield and resource utilisation of summer maize under the conditions of increasing density and reducing nitrogen fertilization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shanshan Wei Xiangyu Wang Qicen Zhu Dong Jiang Shuting Dong 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(11-12):86
The inefficient use of resources always poses risks of maize (Zea mays L.) yield reduction in China. We performed this research to monitor the effects of increasing plant density and reducing nitrogen (N) rate on radiation-use efficiency (RUE), N efficiency traits, grain yield (GY) and their inter-relationships. Besides, whether GY and resource-use efficiency can both be maximized was examined. Hence, a 2-year field experiment was conducted using a widely grown variety “Denghai 618” in Shandong, China. Treatments contained two different plant densities [67,500 (D1) and 97,500 (D2) plant ha?1] and three N levels [0 (N?2), 180 (N?1), 360 (Nck) kg ha?1], set D1Nck as control. Significant increases in grain yield, biomass, RUE, above-ground N uptake (AGN) and N efficiency were observed when density increased from D1 to D2. Declining N application was accompanied by reductions in yield, RUE and AGN especially under high density, yet an obvious improvement in N recovery efficiency (NRE), agronomic N efficiency and N partial factor productivity. The increased GY was positive related with population biomass (r = 0.895**), RUE (r = 0.769**) and AGN (r = 0.923**), whereas it has no significant correlation with N efficiency. In this study, D2Nck obtained 18.8, 17.9, 24.8 and 29.7% higher grain yield, RUE, AGN and NRE respectively, compared to control, optimizing both yield and the efficiencies of radiation and N use. Furthermore, higher yield and RUE with more desirable N efficiency may be possible via optimizing density and N rate combination. 相似文献